Paper · 1970 · American Journal of Botany

WATER POTENTIAL, TEMPERATURE, AND KINETIN EFFECTS ON SEED GERMINATION IN SOIL AND SOLUTE SYSTEMS

Merrill R. Kaufmann; Kathleen J. Ross

14
claims
14
verbatim quotes
53
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Germination of lettuce and wheat in soil is reduced by a decrease in water potential, but a significant temperature‐water potential interaction exists for lettuce. At 35 C kinetin permits lettuce germination at 0 and —1.1 bars, and at 25 C and 15 C it enhances germination at lower water potentials, causing 30% germination at —8.0 bars. Wheat germinates well at —8.0 bars, but no germination occurs at —14.9 bars; temperature had little effect on wheat germination. Germination in soil and solute systems was compared to determine the usefulness of solute germination data for predicting germination in dry soil. Total germination of lettuce in polyethylene glycol‐6000 may approximate total germination in soil at the same water potential, but germination rates differ widely for the two systems. Kinetin‐treated lettuce seeds nearly completed germination in two days in polyethylene glycol solutions, but five days were required for similar germination percentages in the soil. Sucrose is not useful for simulating soil water stress; wheat seeds germinate at —14.9 bars in sucrose but fail to germinate in soil at the same potential, and germination is more rapid in sucrose than in the soil.

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Claims 14

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lower soil water potential reduced lettuce germination.

Taxon
lettuceLactuca sativae0
Outcome
Germinatione0
Direction
reducede0
Qualifier
decrease in water potentiale0
Setting
soile0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativa · Taxonen:User:Geographer · CC BY 1.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Germination of lettuce and wheat in soil is reduced by a decrease in water potential”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–84 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lower soil water potential reduced wheat germination.

Outcome
Germinatione0
Direction
reducede0
Qualifier
decrease in water potentiale0
Setting
soile0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Germination of lettuce and wheat in soil is reduced by a decrease in water potential”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–84 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Lettuce had a significant temperature by water potential interaction for germination.

Taxon
lettuceLactuca sativae0
Outcome
temperature‐water potential interactione0

Not reportedSettingDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativa · Taxonen:User:Geographer · CC BY 1.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“a significant temperature‐water potential interaction exists for lettuce.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 90–163 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 35 C, kinetin permitted lettuce germination at 0 and —1.1 bars.

Taxon
lettuceLactuca sativae0
Treatment
kinetine0
Outcome
germinatione0
Direction
permitse0
Value
0 and —1.1 barse0
Qualifier
At 35 Ce0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativa · Taxonen:User:Geographer · CC BY 1.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“At 35 C kinetin permits lettuce germination at 0 and —1.1 bars”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 164–226 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 25 C and 15 C, kinetin enhanced lettuce germination at low water potential, giving 30% at —8.0 bars.

Taxon
lettuceLactuca sativae0
Treatment
kinetine0
Outcome
germinatione0
Direction
enhancese0
Value
30%e0
Qualifier
at —8.0 barse0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativa · Taxonen:User:Geographer · CC BY 1.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“At 35 C kinetin permits lettuce germination at 0 and —1.1 bars, and at 25 C and 15 C it enhances germination at lower water potentials, causing 30% germination at —8.0 bars.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 164–337 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Wheat germinated well at —8.0 bars.

Outcome
germinatese0
Direction
welle0
Qualifier
—8.0 barse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Wheat germinates well at —8.0 bars”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 338–372 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Wheat did not germinate at —14.9 bars.

Outcome
germinatione0
Direction
noe0
Qualifier
—14.9 barse0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“no germination occurs at —14.9 bars”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 378–413 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Temperature had little effect on wheat germination.

Outcome
germinatione0
Direction
little effecte0

Not reportedSetting

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“temperature had little effect on wheat germination.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 415–466 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At the same water potential, lettuce total germination in polyethylene glycol-6000 may approximate that in soil.

Taxon
lettuceLactuca sativae0
Outcome
Total germinatione0
Qualifier
may approximatee0
Comparator
soile0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativa · Taxonen:User:Geographer · CC BY 1.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Total germination of lettuce in polyethylene glycol‐6000 may approximate total germination in soil at the same water potential”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 614–740 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lettuce germination rates differed widely between polyethylene glycol-6000 and soil.

Outcome
germination ratese0
Direction
differ widelye0
Comparator
two systemse0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“germination rates differ widely for the two systems.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 746–798 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Kinetin-treated lettuce seeds nearly completed germination in two days in polyethylene glycol solution.

Taxon
lettuceLactuca sativae0
Treatment
Kinetin‐treatede0
Outcome
germinatione0
Value
two dayse0
Setting
polyethylene glycol solutionse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativa · Taxonen:User:Geographer · CC BY 1.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Kinetin‐treated lettuce seeds nearly completed germination in two days in polyethylene glycol solutions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 799–902 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Comparable kinetin-treated lettuce germination took five days in soil.

Outcome
germination percentagese0
Value
five dayse0
Setting
soile0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“but five days were required for similar germination percentages in the soil.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 904–980 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sucrose did not usefully simulate soil water stress for wheat germination.

Outcome
simulating soil water stresse0
Direction
not usefule0
Comparator
soile0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Sucrose is not useful for simulating soil water stress; wheat seeds germinate at —14.9 bars in sucrose but fail to germinate in soil at the same potential”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 981–1135 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Wheat seeds germinated more rapidly in sucrose than in soil.

Outcome
germinatione0
Direction
more rapide0
Comparator
soile0
Setting
sucrosee0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“germination is more rapid in sucrose than in the soil.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1141–1195 · show in text ↑

kinetin · growth · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results

24 papers: 21 positive, 3 negative or no effect

20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. negative

20 papers more in this group

See all 24 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.