Abstract
Tetraploid black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is adaptable to salt stress. Here, we compared morphological, physiological, ultrastructural, and proteomic traits of leaves in tetraploid black locust and its diploid relatives under salt stress. The results showed that diploid (2×) plants suffered from greater negative effects than those of tetraploid (4×) plants. After salt treatment, plant growth was inhibited, photosynthesis was reduced, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde content, and relative electrolyte leakage increased, and defense-related enzyme activities decreased in 2× compared to those in 4×. In addition, salt stress resulted in distorted chloroplasts, swollen thylakoid membranes, accumulation of plastoglobules, and increased starch grains in 2× compared to those in 4×. However, 4× developed diverse responses under salt stress. A comparative proteomic analysis revealed that 41 and 37 proteins were differentially expressed in 2× and 4×, respectively. These proteins were mainly involved in photosynthesis, stress and defense, energy, metabolism, transcription/translation, and transportation. Distinct patterns of protein changes between 2× and 4× were analyzed. Collectively, our results suggest that the plants showed significantly different responses to salt stress based on ploidy level of the plant. The 4× possessed a better salt protection mechanism than that of 2×, suggesting salt tolerance in the polyploid plant.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Diploid plants suffered greater negative effects of salt stress than tetraploid plants.
- Taxon
- black locust
Robinia pseudoacaciat1 - Treatment
- salt stresst0
- Outcome
- negative effectse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- tetraploid (4×) plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diploid (2×) plants suffered from greater negative effects than those of tetraploid (4×) plants”
t1“Black Locust”
t0“Salt Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
After salt treatment, diploid plant growth was more inhibited than tetraploid growth.
- Taxon
- black locustRobinia pseudoacaciat1
- Material
- 2×e0
- Treatment
- salt treatmente0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- 4×e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After salt treatment, plant growth was inhibited, photosynthesis was reduced, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde content, and relative electrolyte leakage increased, and defense-related enzyme activities decreased in 2× compared to those in 4×”
t1“Black Locust”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthesis was reduced in diploids relative to tetraploids after salt treatment.
- Taxon
- black locustRobinia pseudoacaciat1
- Material
- 2×e0
- Treatment
- salt treatmente0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- 4×e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After salt treatment, plant growth was inhibited, photosynthesis was reduced, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde content, and relative electrolyte leakage increased, and defense-related enzyme activities decreased in 2× compared to those in 4×”
t1“Black Locust”
Claim · model-written summary
Reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage increased in diploids relative to tetraploids.
- Taxon
- black locustRobinia pseudoacaciat1
- Material
- 2×e0
- Treatment
- salt treatmente0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde content, and relative electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 4×e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After salt treatment, plant growth was inhibited, photosynthesis was reduced, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde content, and relative electrolyte leakage increased, and defense-related enzyme activities decreased in 2× compared to those in 4×”
t1“Black Locust”
Claim · model-written summary
Defense related enzyme activities decreased in diploids relative to tetraploids.
- Taxon
- black locustRobinia pseudoacaciat1
- Material
- 2×e0
- Treatment
- salt stresst0
- Outcome
- defense-related enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 4×e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“defense-related enzyme activities decreased in 2× compared to those in 4×”
t1“Black Locust”
t0“Salt Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress caused distorted chloroplasts, swollen thylakoids, plastoglobule accumulation and more starch grains in diploids relative to tetraploids.
- Taxon
- black locustRobinia pseudoacaciat1
- Material
- 2×e0
- Treatment
- salt stresst0
- Outcome
- distorted chloroplasts, swollen thylakoid membranes, accumulation of plastoglobulese0
- Comparator
- 4×e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress resulted in distorted chloroplasts, swollen thylakoid membranes, accumulation of plastoglobules, and increased starch grains in 2× compared to those in 4×”
t1“Black Locust”
t0“Salt Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Diploids had increased starch grains relative to tetraploids under salt stress.
- Taxon
- black locustRobinia pseudoacaciat1
- Material
- 2×e0
- Treatment
- salt stresst0
- Outcome
- starch grainse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 4×e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased starch grains in 2× compared to those in 4×”
t1“Black Locust”
t0“Salt Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Forty one proteins were differentially expressed in diploids.
- Taxon
- black locustRobinia pseudoacaciat1
- Material
- 2×e0
- Outcome
- proteins were differentially expressede0
- Value
- 41e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“41 and 37 proteins were differentially expressed in 2× and 4×, respectively”
t1“Black Locust”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty seven proteins were differentially expressed in tetraploids.
- Taxon
- black locustRobinia pseudoacaciat1
- Material
- 4×e0
- Outcome
- proteins were differentially expressede0
- Value
- 37e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“41 and 37 proteins were differentially expressed in 2× and 4×, respectively”
t1“Black Locust”
Claim · model-written summary
Differential proteins mainly related to photosynthesis, defense, energy, metabolism, transcription and transport.
- Taxon
- black locustRobinia pseudoacaciat1
- Outcome
- proteins were mainly involved in photosynthesis, stress and defense, energy, metabolism, transcription/translation, and transportatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These proteins were mainly involved in photosynthesis, stress and defense, energy, metabolism, transcription/translation, and transportation”
t1“Black Locust”
Claim · model-written summary
Tetraploids were interpreted to have better salt protection and tolerance than diploids.
- Taxon
- black locustRobinia pseudoacaciat1
- Material
- 4×e0
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- better salt protection mechanisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 4× possessed a better salt protection mechanism than that of 2×, suggesting salt tolerance in the polyploid plant”
t1“Black Locust”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.