Abstract
Abstract Calcium chloride combined with an enhanced ammonium supply (EAS) (0.5:1 Ca/NH 4 molar ratio) has increased yields of horticultural crops. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine if Ca or Cl promote wheat ( Triticum aestivum L., cv. Len) responses to an EAS. Wheat was grown in a Shano silt loam soil (coarse‐silty, mixed, mesic Andic Mollic Camborthid) with 0 to 400 mg N kg ‐1 applied as (i) 100% NO 3 ‐N supplied by Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ; (ii) 50% NO 3 ‐N supplied by Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , 50% NH 4 ‐N supplied by urea with a nitrification inhibitor (NI) (50:50 NO 3 /NH 4 , 0.5:1 Ca/NH 4 molar ratio); (iii) 50:50 NO 3 /NH 4 + CaCl 2 (1:1 Ca/NH 4 ); (iv) 100% NH 4 ‐N supplied by urea with a NI; and (v) NH 4 + CaCl 2 (0.5:1 Ca/NH 4 ). Grain yield averaged 9 to 30% less for the NH 4 and 50:50 NO 3 /NH 4 , but 15 to 37% more for the NH 4 + CaCl 2 , than for the NO 3 , indicating that CaCl 2 promoted the response to an EAS. A response to CaCl 2 added to the 50:50 NO 3 /NH 4 treatment, in which the NO 3 ‐N was supplied as Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , suggested that the response to CaCl 2 was due to the Cl rather than the added Ca. The individual roles of Ca and Cl in EAS responses were evaluated in a second experiment by combining Ca, Cl, and Ca + Cl with NO 3 and NH 4 (300 mg N kg ‐1 soil) in a factorial design. There was no effect of added Ca on grain yield with either N form. Furthermore, grain yield was higher for the NH 4 + Cl than for the NH 4 , NH 4 + Ca, or NO 3 treatments, indicating that supplemental Cl elicited wheat responses to an EAS. Chloride also stimulated Ca uptake, which may have played a secondary role in the EAS response.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium and mixed nitrate-ammonium treatments yielded 9 to 30% less grain than nitrate.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- NH 4 and 50:50 NO 3 /NH 4e0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 9 to 30%e0
- Comparator
- NO 3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield averaged 9 to 30% less for the NH 4 and 50:50 NO 3 /NH 4 , but 15 to 37% more for the NH 4 + CaCl 2 , than for the NO 3”
t0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L., cv. Len)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium plus calcium chloride yielded 15 to 37% more grain than nitrate.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NH 4 + CaCl 2e0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 15 to 37%e0
- Comparator
- NO 3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield averaged 9 to 30% less for the NH 4 and 50:50 NO 3 /NH 4 , but 15 to 37% more for the NH 4 + CaCl 2 , than for the NO 3”
t0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L., cv. Len)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding calcium chloride to mixed nitrogen also produced a response, implicating chloride rather than added calcium.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CaCl 2e0
- Compound
- Cle0
- Outcome
- response to CaCl 2e0
- Comparator
- 50:50 NO 3 /NH 4 treatmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A response to CaCl 2 added to the 50:50 NO 3 /NH 4 treatment, in which the NO 3 ‐N was supplied as Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , suggested that the response to CaCl 2 was due to the Cl rather than the added Ca”
t0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L., cv. Len)”
Claim · model-written summary
Added calcium did not affect grain yield with either nitrogen form.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- added Cae0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no effect of added Ca on grain yield with either N form”
t0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L., cv. Len)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium plus chloride yielded more grain than ammonium, ammonium plus calcium, or nitrate.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NH 4 + Cle0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- NH 4 , NH 4 + Ca, or NO 3 treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield was higher for the NH 4 + Cl than for the NH 4 , NH 4 + Ca, or NO 3 treatments”
t0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L., cv. Len)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloride stimulated calcium uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Chloridee0
- Outcome
- Ca uptakee0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chloride also stimulated Ca uptake”
t0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L., cv. Len)”
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