Abstract
The role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in abscisic acid (ABA)-induced antioxidant defense was investigated in leaves of maize (Zea mays) plants. Treatments with ABA or H(2)O(2) induced the activation of a 46-kD MAPK and enhanced the expression of the antioxidant genes CAT1, cAPX, and GR1 and the total activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase. Such enhancements were blocked by pretreatment with several MAPK kinase inhibitors and reactive oxygen species inhibitors or scavengers. Pretreatment with MAPK kinase inhibitors also substantially arrested the ABA-induced H(2)O(2) production after 2 h of ABA treatment, but did not affect the levels of H(2)O(2) within 1 h of ABA treatment. Pretreatment with several inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase, which is believed to be a negative regulator of MAPK, only slightly prevented the ABA-induced H(2)O(2) production, but did not affect the ABA-induced MAPK activation and ABA-enhanced antioxidant defense systems. These results clearly suggest that MAPK but not protein tyrosine phosphatase is involved in the ABA-induced antioxidant defense, and a cross talk between H(2)O(2) production and MAPK activation plays a pivotal role in the ABA signaling. ABA-induced H(2)O(2) production activates MAPK, which in turn induces the expression and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The activation of MAPK also enhances the H(2)O(2) production, forming a positive feedback loop.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
ABA or hydrogen peroxide activated a 46-kD MAPK in maize leaves.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with ABA or H(2)O(2) induced the activation of a 46-kD MAPK”
t0“Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Is Involved in Abscisic Acid-Induced Antioxidant Defense and Acts Downstream of Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Leaves of Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA or hydrogen peroxide enhanced CAT1, cAPX and GR1 expression.
- Treatment
- Abscisic Acidt0
- Gene
- CAT1, cAPX, and GR1e0
- Outcome
- expression of the antioxidant genes CAT1, cAPX, and GR1e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced the expression of the antioxidant genes CAT1, cAPX, and GR1”
t0“Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Is Involved in Abscisic Acid-Induced Antioxidant Defense and Acts Downstream of Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Leaves of Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA or hydrogen peroxide enhanced total antioxidant enzyme activities.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase”
t0“Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Is Involved in Abscisic Acid-Induced Antioxidant Defense and Acts Downstream of Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Leaves of Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
MAPK kinase inhibitors and ROS inhibitors or scavengers blocked these enhancements.
- Treatment
- several MAPK kinase inhibitors and reactive oxygen species inhibitors or scavengerse0
- Outcome
- enhancementse0
- Direction
- blockede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Such enhancements were blocked by pretreatment with several MAPK kinase inhibitors and reactive oxygen species inhibitors or scavengers”
t0“Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Is Involved in Abscisic Acid-Induced Antioxidant Defense and Acts Downstream of Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Leaves of Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
MAPK kinase inhibitors arrested ABA-induced hydrogen peroxide production after two hours.
- Treatment
- MAPK kinase inhibitorse0
- Outcome
- ABA-induced H(2)O(2) productione0
- Direction
- arrestede0
- Qualifier
- after 2 h of ABA treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment with MAPK kinase inhibitors also substantially arrested the ABA-induced H(2)O(2) production after 2 h of ABA treatment”
t0“Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Is Involved in Abscisic Acid-Induced Antioxidant Defense and Acts Downstream of Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Leaves of Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
MAPK kinase inhibitors did not affect hydrogen peroxide levels within one hour of ABA exposure.
- Treatment
- Abscisic Acidt0
- Outcome
- levels of H(2)O(2)e0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Qualifier
- within 1 h of ABA treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not affect the levels of H(2)O(2) within 1 h of ABA treatment”
t0“Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Is Involved in Abscisic Acid-Induced Antioxidant Defense and Acts Downstream of Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Leaves of Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors only slightly prevented ABA-induced hydrogen peroxide production.
- Treatment
- several inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatasee0
- Outcome
- ABA-induced H(2)O(2) productione0
- Direction
- preventede0
- Qualifier
- only slightlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment with several inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase, which is believed to be a negative regulator of MAPK, only slightly prevented the ABA-induced H(2)O(2) production”
t0“Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Is Involved in Abscisic Acid-Induced Antioxidant Defense and Acts Downstream of Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Leaves of Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors did not affect ABA-induced MAPK activation or antioxidant defense.
- Treatment
- Abscisic Acidt0
- Outcome
- ABA-induced MAPK activation and ABA-enhanced antioxidant defense systemse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not affect the ABA-induced MAPK activation and ABA-enhanced antioxidant defense systems”
t0“Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Is Involved in Abscisic Acid-Induced Antioxidant Defense and Acts Downstream of Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Leaves of Maize Plants”
The same questions in other papers
(+)-abscisic acid · quality: protein · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →hydrogen peroxide · quality: protein · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.