Paper · 1936 · Canadian Journal of Research/Canadian journal of research

WEATHER AND WHEAT YIELD IN WESTERN CANADA: II. INFLUENCE OF PRE-SEASONAL PRECIPITATION ON PLOT YIELDS III. RELATION BETWEEN PRECIPITATION AND AGRICULTURAL YIELD

J. W. Hopkins

10
claims
21
verbatim quotes
2
citations
3
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

In continuance of a previous statistical study, the correlation between plot yields of wheat grown at experimental stations in central and southern Saskatchewan and Alberta and the amount of precipitation during the autumn, winter and spring months prior to sowing was investigated.There was a significant relation between pre-seasonal precipitation and the yield secured from year to year on both the fallowed and stubble plots of a summerfallow-wheat-wheat rotation, above-average moisture being associated with increased yields. The annual yields of Marquis wheat from more fertile summerfallowed varietal test plots were not, however, significantly correlated with pre-seasonal precipitation, nor was there any consistent relation between this weather factor and the relative yield of certain early, medium-early and late-maturing varieties.The annual average yield of wheat per acre from 1916–34 in three central and in three southern crop districts of Saskatchewan and Alberta showed a significant positive correlation with the available statistics of rainfall between May 1 and July 31. Yields in the southern districts were also positively correlated with pre-seasonal precipitation, whereas those in the central districts were not. The degree of association (R = 0.74, central; and 0.79, southern) was not adequate for the practical forecasting of annual production, but may be improved by refinements dependent on the accumulation of additional observational data.

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Claims 10

Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Preseason precipitation significantly related to annual yields on fallowed plots; above-average moisture accompanied greater yield.

Treatment
pre-seasonal precipitatione0
Outcome
yield secured from year to yeare0
Direction
increasede0
Setting
fallowede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“There was a significant relation between pre-seasonal precipitation and the yield secured from year to year on both the fallowed and stubble plots of a summerfallow-wheat-wheat rotation, above-average moisture being associated with increased yields.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 282–531 · show in text ↑
t0

“WHEAT YIELD IN WESTERN CANADA”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–41 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Preseason precipitation significantly related to annual yields on stubble plots; above-average moisture accompanied greater yield.

Treatment
pre-seasonal precipitatione0
Outcome
yield secured from year to yeare0
Direction
increasede0
Setting
stubble plotse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“There was a significant relation between pre-seasonal precipitation and the yield secured from year to year on both the fallowed and stubble plots of a summerfallow-wheat-wheat rotation, above-average moisture being associated with increased yields.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 282–531 · show in text ↑
t0

“WHEAT YIELD IN WESTERN CANADA”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–41 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Marquis wheat yields in more fertile summerfallowed variety plots were not significantly correlated with preseason precipitation.

Material
Marquis wheate0
Treatment
pre-seasonal precipitatione0
Outcome
annual yieldse0
Setting
more fertile summerfallowed varietal test plotse0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The annual yields of Marquis wheat from more fertile summerfallowed varietal test plots were not, however, significantly correlated with pre-seasonal precipitation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 532–695 · show in text ↑
t0

“WHEAT YIELD IN WESTERN CANADA”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–41 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Preseason precipitation had no consistent relation to relative yield across maturity groups.

Material
early, medium-early and late-maturing varietiese0
Treatment
this weather factore0
Outcome
relative yielde0
Direction
no_changeinferrede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“nor was there any consistent relation between this weather factor and the relative yield of certain early, medium-early and late-maturing varieties”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 697–844 · show in text ↑
t0

“WHEAT YIELD IN WESTERN CANADA”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–41 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

May-to-July rainfall was significantly positively correlated with wheat yield in central crop districts.

Treatment
rainfall between May 1 and July 31e0
Outcome
annual average yield of wheat per acree0
Direction
positive correlatione0
Setting
three centrale0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The annual average yield of wheat per acre from 1916–34 in three central and in three southern crop districts of Saskatchewan and Alberta showed a significant positive correlation with the available statistics of rainfall between May 1 and July 31.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 845–1093 · show in text ↑
t0

“WHEAT YIELD IN WESTERN CANADA”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–41 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

May-to-July rainfall was significantly positively correlated with wheat yield in southern crop districts.

Treatment
rainfall between May 1 and July 31e0
Outcome
annual average yield of wheat per acree0
Direction
positive correlatione0
Setting
three southern crop districtse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The annual average yield of wheat per acre from 1916–34 in three central and in three southern crop districts of Saskatchewan and Alberta showed a significant positive correlation with the available statistics of rainfall between May 1 and July 31.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 845–1093 · show in text ↑
t0

“WHEAT YIELD IN WESTERN CANADA”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–41 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Southern district yields were positively correlated with preseason precipitation.

Treatment
pre-seasonal precipitatione0
Outcome
Yieldse0
Direction
positively correlatede0
Setting
southern districtse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Yields in the southern districts were also positively correlated with pre-seasonal precipitation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1094–1190 · show in text ↑
t0

“WHEAT YIELD IN WESTERN CANADA”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–41 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Central district yields were not positively correlated with preseason precipitation.

Treatment
pre-seasonal precipitatione1
Outcome
thosee0
Setting
central districtse0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“whereas those in the central districts were not”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1192–1239 · show in text ↑
e1

“There was a significant relation between pre-seasonal precipitation and the yield secured from year to year on both the fallowed and stubble plots of a summerfallow-wheat-wheat rotation, above-average moisture being associated with increased yields.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 282–531 · show in text ↑
t0

“WHEAT YIELD IN WESTERN CANADA”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–41 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Rainfall-yield correlations were 0.74 in central districts and 0.79 in southern districts.

Outcome
degree of associatione0
Value
R = 0.74e0
Qualifier
0.79, southerne0
Setting
centrale0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The degree of association (R = 0.74, central; and 0.79, southern) was not adequate for the practical forecasting of annual production”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1241–1374 · show in text ↑
t0

“WHEAT YIELD IN WESTERN CANADA”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–41 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The observed precipitation-yield association was inadequate for practical annual production forecasts.

Outcome
practical forecasting of annual productione0

Not reportedComparatorValue

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“was not adequate for the practical forecasting of annual production”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1307–1374 · show in text ↑
t0

“WHEAT YIELD IN WESTERN CANADA”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–41 · show in text ↑