Abstract
Abstract Detailed data are needed to quantify the effect of conservation tillage (CT) on corn ( Zea mays L.) emergence and early growth in the Northern Corn Belt. Corn was grown using three CT systems: till‐plant (TP), chisel (CH), and no‐till (NT) and conventional moldboard plow (CN) on a Griswold silt loam soil (Typic Argiudoll) during the 1982 to 1984 growing seasons. Soil temperature at the seed depth (5 cm) was measured hourly. Daily means and cumulative growing degree days (GDD) based on seed zone temperatures were calculated. Corn emergence was monitored. Leaf area and dry matter per hectare were measured at different growth stages. Relative growth rates (RGR) were calculated from daily measured plant heights. Soil temperature at the 5‐cm depth ranked CN > TP > CH > NT. Initial corn emergence rates with the NT system were depressed compared to CN; the emergence rate ranked CN > TP = CH > NT. However, time to 100% emergence was delayed by 8, 2 to 3, and 2 d for NT compared to CN in 1982, 1983, and 1984, respectively. All tillage systems started to emerge at 40 to 55 GDD and reached a maximum emergence at 70 to 80 GDD. During the first 5 weeks after emergence, corn growth parameters (plant height, leaf area, dry matter) of NT were consistently lower, and in some cases significantly lower than CN. These growth parameters were highly correlated with GDD. The RGR fluctuated in the same manner as the daily 5‐cm soil temperature during the first 5 weeks after emergence. The correlation coefficients of log RGR vs. daily mean soil temperatures were highly significant and followed the soil temperature trends. Thus, the lower soil temperature associated with CT systems, especially NT, is one of the main factors affecting emergence and seedling growth and development.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Seed-depth soil temperature ranked conventional plowing highest and no-till lowest.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Outcome
- Soil temperature at the 5‐cm depthe0
- Direction
- CN > TP > CH > NTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil temperature at the 5‐cm depth ranked CN > TP > CH > NT”
t0“Corn Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till depressed initial corn emergence relative to conventional plowing; emergence ranked CN > TP = CH > NT.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- NT systeme0
- Outcome
- corn emergence ratese0
- Direction
- depressede0
- Comparator
- CNe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Initial corn emergence rates with the NT system were depressed compared to CN; the emergence rate ranked CN > TP = CH > NT”
t0“Corn Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till delayed complete corn emergence by 8 days relative to conventional plowing in 1982.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- time to 100% emergencee0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Value
- 8e0
- Qualifier
- 1982e0
- Comparator
- CNe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“time to 100% emergence was delayed by 8, 2 to 3, and 2 d for NT compared to CN in 1982, 1983, and 1984, respectively”
t0“Corn Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till delayed complete corn emergence by 2 to 3 days relative to conventional plowing in 1983.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- time to 100% emergencee0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Value
- 2 to 3e0
- Qualifier
- 1983e0
- Comparator
- CNe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“time to 100% emergence was delayed by 8, 2 to 3, and 2 d for NT compared to CN in 1982, 1983, and 1984, respectively”
t0“Corn Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till delayed complete corn emergence by 2 days relative to conventional plowing in 1984.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- time to 100% emergencee0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Value
- 2 de0
- Qualifier
- 1984e0
- Comparator
- CNe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“time to 100% emergence was delayed by 8, 2 to 3, and 2 d for NT compared to CN in 1982, 1983, and 1984, respectively”
t0“Corn Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
All tillage systems began emergence at 40 to 55 growing degree days.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- started to emergee0
- Value
- 40 to 55 GDDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All tillage systems started to emerge at 40 to 55 GDD”
t0“Corn Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
All tillage systems reached maximum emergence at 70 to 80 growing degree days.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- maximum emergencee0
- Value
- 70 to 80 GDDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reached a maximum emergence at 70 to 80 GDD”
t0“Corn Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till corn height, leaf area and dry matter were consistently lower than under conventional plowing for five weeks after emergence.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf area, dry mattere0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- During the first 5 weeks after emergencee0
- Comparator
- CNe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the first 5 weeks after emergence, corn growth parameters (plant height, leaf area, dry matter) of NT were consistently lower, and in some cases significantly lower than CN”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn growth parameters were highly correlated with growing degree days.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Qualifier
- highly correlated with GDDe0
- Setting
- GDDe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These growth parameters were highly correlated with GDD”
t0“Corn Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative growth rate fluctuated with daily 5-cm soil temperature during the first five weeks after emergence.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- RGRe0
- Qualifier
- during the first 5 weeks after emergencee0
- Setting
- daily 5‐cm soil temperaturee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The RGR fluctuated in the same manner as the daily 5‐cm soil temperature during the first 5 weeks after emergence”
t0“Corn Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The correlations of log relative growth rate with daily mean soil temperatures were highly significant and followed soil-temperature trends.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- correlation coefficients of log RGR vs. daily mean soil temperaturese0
- Setting
- daily mean soil temperaturese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The correlation coefficients of log RGR vs. daily mean soil temperatures were highly significant and followed the soil temperature trends”
t0“Corn Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower soil temperature under conservation tillage, especially no-till, was identified as a main factor affecting corn emergence and seedling growth.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- CT systemse0
- Outcome
- emergence and seedling growth and developmente0
- Qualifier
- lower soil temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lower soil temperature associated with CT systems, especially NT, is one of the main factors affecting emergence and seedling growth and development”
t0“Corn Growth”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
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See all 283 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.