Abstract
A numerical analysis of morphological variation in Central American Phytolacca distinguishes P. rivinoides Kunth & Bouché from the P. iscosandra complex, which includes elements that have been recognized as P. icosandra L., P. octranda L., P. purpurascens A. Br. & Bouché, P. rugosa A. Br. & Bouché, and P. costaricensis Suesseng. A third and rarely collected taxon, P. meziana H. Walt., is also distinguished. New chromosome counts of 2 n = 36 are recorded for P. rivinoides and two representatives of the P. icosandra complex. Nearly half the morphological variation in the sample is summarized by a multivariate axis that separates P. rivinoides from the P. icosandra complex. This axis correlates with a cline in elevation; P. rivinoides occurs between sea level and 2,200 m, and P. rugosa occurs between 1,000 and 3,400 m. It is hypothesized that introgression of the P. rivinoides genome into that of P. rugosa has generated the P. icosandra complex; elements of this complex then migrated northward through Mexico and may have been progenitors of the North American P. americana L.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Morphological analysis distinguished P. rivinoides from the P. icosandra complex.
- Taxon
- P. rivinoides Kunth & Bouché
Phytolacca rivinoidese0 - Outcome
- distinguishes P. rivinoides Kunth & Bouché from the P. iscosandra complexe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A numerical analysis of morphological variation in Central American Phytolacca distinguishes P. rivinoides Kunth & Bouché from the P. iscosandra complex, which includes elements that have been recognized as P. icosandra L., P. octranda L., P. purpurascens A. Br. & Bouché, P. rugosa A. Br. & Bouché, and P. costaricensis Suesseng.”
Claim · model-written summary
The rarely collected P. meziana was distinguished.
- Taxon
- P. meziana H. Walt.Phytolacca mezianae0
- Outcome
- also distinguishede0
Verbatim
e0“A third and rarely collected taxon, P. meziana H. Walt., is also distinguished.”
Claim · model-written summary
New chromosome counts were 2 n = 36 for P. rivinoides and two complex representatives.
- Taxon
- P. rivinoidesPhytolacca rivinoidese0
- Outcome
- chromosome countse0
- Value
- 2 n = 36e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“New chromosome counts of 2 n = 36 are recorded for P. rivinoides and two representatives of the P. icosandra complex.”
Claim · model-written summary
A multivariate axis summarized nearly half the morphological variation and separated P. rivinoides from the complex.
- Taxon
- P. rivinoidesPhytolacca rivinoidese0
- Outcome
- morphological variatione0
- Value
- Nearly halfe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nearly half the morphological variation in the sample is summarized by a multivariate axis that separates P. rivinoides from the P. icosandra complex.”
Claim · model-written summary
The morphological axis correlated with an elevational cline.
- Taxon
- P. rivinoidesPhytolacca rivinoidese0
- Outcome
- cline in elevatione0
- Setting
- elevatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This axis correlates with a cline in elevation; P. rivinoides occurs between sea level and 2,200 m, and P. rugosa occurs between 1,000 and 3,400 m.”
Claim · model-written summary
P. rivinoides occurs between sea level and 2,200 m.
- Taxon
- P. rivinoidesPhytolacca rivinoidese0
- Outcome
- occurse0
- Value
- 2,200 me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. rivinoides occurs between sea level and 2,200 m, and P. rugosa occurs between 1,000 and 3,400 m.”
Claim · model-written summary
P. rugosa occurs between 1,000 and 3,400 m.
- Taxon
- P. rugosa
Phytolacca rugosae0 - Outcome
- occurse0
- Value
- 1,000 and 3,400 me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. rivinoides occurs between sea level and 2,200 m, and P. rugosa occurs between 1,000 and 3,400 m.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors hypothesized introgression from P. rivinoides into P. rugosa generated the complex.
- Taxon
- P. icosandra complex
Phytolacca icosandrae0 - Outcome
- generated the P. icosandra complexe0
- Qualifier
- introgression of the P. rivinoides genome into that of P. rugosae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is hypothesized that introgression of the P. rivinoides genome into that of P. rugosa has generated the P. icosandra complex; elements of this complex then migrated northward through Mexico and may have been progenitors of the North American P. americana L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors hypothesized northward migration of the complex and possible ancestry of P. americana.
- Taxon
- P. americana L.
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Phytolacca americanae0 - Outcome
- may have been progenitors of the North American P. americana L.e0
- Setting
- Mexicoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“elements of this complex then migrated northward through Mexico and may have been progenitors of the North American P. americana L.”