Abstract
Abstract Grasslands are the basis for a stable agriculture in the northeast USA. However, knowledge of the interactive effects of the diverse soils and climate of this region on grassland production remains scant. Our objective was to quantify the effect of soil environment on grassland biosmass and N accumulation. The study was conducted for 3 yr on four sites in central Pennsylvania selected for soil water holding capacity and temperature regime. Orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L.) was treated with a split application (50%/50%) of 0, 84, and 168 kg N ha −1 of 15 N depleted ammonium nitrate. Biweekly biomass samples were taken starting 30 April of each year and continuing until the grass heading stage. At heading, plots were cut at a 7.5‐cm stubble height and all herbage removed. Plots were refertilized with the second half of the N and monthly biomass sampling commenced on 31 July and continued until 31 October. Biomass samples were dried at 60 °C and weighed for yield. Subsamples of the dried material were analyzed for N and isotope ratio. Spring biomass accumulation rates ranged from 60.0 to 112.0 kg ha −1 day −1 . Soil N, N fertilization and temperature all were factors controlling spring biomass accumulation rate. Fall biomass accumulation rate was controlled by N fertilization alone. Spring fertilizer N accumulation rates range from 0.078 to 0.72 kg ha −1 day −1 and were largely controlled by N fertilization. Spring total N uptake rates ranged from 0.461 to 2.20 kg ha −1 day −1 and were controlled by soil N levels and N fertilization. Fertilizer N recovery was about 42% for the spring growth period but only about 15% for the fall growth period.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Spring biomass accumulated at 60.0 to 112.0 kg ha −1 day −1.
- Taxon
- Orchardgrass
.jpg?width=60)
Dactylis glomeratat0 - Outcome
- Spring biomass accumulation ratese0
- Value
- 60.0 to 112.0 kg ha −1 day −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Spring biomass accumulation rates ranged from 60.0 to 112.0 kg ha −1 day −1”
t0“Orchardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil nitrogen, fertilization and temperature controlled spring biomass accumulation.
- Taxon
- OrchardgrassDactylis glomeratat0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- spring biomass accumulation ratee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil N, N fertilization and temperature all were factors controlling spring biomass accumulation rate”
t0“Orchardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization alone controlled fall biomass accumulation.
- Taxon
- OrchardgrassDactylis glomeratat0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Fall biomass accumulation ratee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fall biomass accumulation rate was controlled by N fertilization alone”
t0“Orchardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring fertilizer nitrogen accumulated at 0.078 to 0.72 kg ha −1 day −1.
- Taxon
- OrchardgrassDactylis glomeratat0
- Outcome
- Spring fertilizer N accumulation ratese0
- Value
- 0.078 to 0.72 kg ha −1 day −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spring fertilizer N accumulation rates range from 0.078 to 0.72 kg ha −1 day −1”
t0“Orchardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization largely controlled spring fertilizer nitrogen accumulation.
- Taxon
- OrchardgrassDactylis glomeratat0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Spring fertilizer N accumulation ratest1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were largely controlled by N fertilization”
t0“Orchardgrass”
t1“Spring fertilizer N accumulation rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring total nitrogen uptake ranged from 0.461 to 2.20 kg ha −1 day −1.
- Taxon
- OrchardgrassDactylis glomeratat0
- Outcome
- Spring total N uptake ratese0
- Value
- 0.461 to 2.20 kg ha −1 day −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spring total N uptake rates ranged from 0.461 to 2.20 kg ha −1 day −1”
t0“Orchardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil nitrogen and fertilization controlled spring total nitrogen uptake.
- Taxon
- OrchardgrassDactylis glomeratat0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Spring total N uptake ratest1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were controlled by soil N levels and N fertilization”
t0“Orchardgrass”
t1“Spring total N uptake rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring fertilizer nitrogen recovery was about 42%.
- Taxon
- OrchardgrassDactylis glomeratat0
- Outcome
- Fertilizer N recoverye0
- Value
- about 42%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilizer N recovery was about 42% for the spring growth period”
t0“Orchardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall fertilizer nitrogen recovery was about 15%.
- Taxon
- OrchardgrassDactylis glomeratat0
- Outcome
- Fertilizer N recoveryt1
- Value
- about 15%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only about 15% for the fall growth period”
t0“Orchardgrass”
t1“Fertilizer N recovery”