Abstract
Cuttings of Populus przewalskii and P. cathayana, which originated from high and low altitudes in southwest China, were used to examine the effect of water stress on the morphological, physiological and biochemical traits of plants in a greenhouse for one growing season. The dry mass accumulation and allocation, gas exchanges, extent of peroxidation damage, osmotic adjustment and antioxidative defenses, and amounts of pigments were measured to characterize the differences in peroxidation damage and protective mechanisms of two poplar species that contrast in drought tolerance. Under water stress, poplars showed a series of biochemical adjustments and morphological changes as follows: a decrease in leaf relative water content, gas exchanges, plant growth and dry mass accumulation; an increase in relative allocation to roots; an increase in the osmolyte contents (e.g. total amino acids). Additionally, water deficit induced an increase in peroxidation damage [as indicated by an increase in electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl (C = O ) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2) O(2) ) content], enhanced activities or contents of antioxidants (e.g. ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione redutase and ascorbic acid) and reduced amounts of leaf pigments (e.g. chlorophyll and carotenoid). Furthermore, there were significant differences in the extent of morphological and biochemical changes between the two poplar species. Compared with P. cathayana, P. przewalskii responded to water stress by allocating relatively more to root dry mass, possessing a higher net photosynthesis rate, and having more efficient protective mechanisms, such as more osmolyte accumulation, stronger antioxidant activities and lower chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio. Thus, P. przewalskii suffered less damage as deduced from lower levels of electrolyte leakage, MDA, C=O and H(2) O(2) content. Therefore, P. przewalskii originating from high altitude could possess more efficient protective mechanisms than P. cathayana, which is from low-altitude habitats.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress decreased leaf relative water content, gas exchanges and plant growth in poplars.
- Treatment
- water stresse1
- Outcome
- leaf relative water content, gas exchanges, plant growthe1
- Direction
- decreasee1
PopulusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under water stress, poplars showed a series of biochemical adjustments and morphological changes as follows: a decrease in leaf relative water content, gas exchanges, plant growth and dry mass accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress decreased dry mass accumulation in poplars.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under water stress, poplars showed a series of biochemical adjustments and morphological changes as follows: a decrease in leaf relative water content, gas exchanges, plant growth and dry mass accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress increased the relative allocation to roots in poplars.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under water stress, poplars showed a series of biochemical adjustments and morphological changes as follows: a decrease in leaf relative water content, gas exchanges, plant growth and dry mass accumulation”
e2“an increase in relative allocation to roots; an increase in the osmolyte contents (e.g. total amino acids)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress increased osmolyte contents in poplars, including total amino acids.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under water stress, poplars showed a series of biochemical adjustments and morphological changes as follows: a decrease in leaf relative water content, gas exchanges, plant growth and dry mass accumulation”
e2“an increase in relative allocation to roots; an increase in the osmolyte contents (e.g. total amino acids)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit increased electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde and carbonyl content in poplars.
- Treatment
- water deficite3
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl (C = O )e3
- Direction
- increasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under water stress, poplars showed a series of biochemical adjustments and morphological changes as follows: a decrease in leaf relative water content, gas exchanges, plant growth and dry mass accumulation”
e3“water deficit induced an increase in peroxidation damage [as indicated by an increase in electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl (C = O ) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2) O(2) ) content]”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit increased hydrogen peroxide content in poplars.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under water stress, poplars showed a series of biochemical adjustments and morphological changes as follows: a decrease in leaf relative water content, gas exchanges, plant growth and dry mass accumulation”
e3“water deficit induced an increase in peroxidation damage [as indicated by an increase in electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl (C = O ) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2) O(2) ) content]”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress enhanced activities of ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and glutathione reductase in poplars.
- Treatment
- water stresse1
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione redutasee4
- Direction
- enhancede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under water stress, poplars showed a series of biochemical adjustments and morphological changes as follows: a decrease in leaf relative water content, gas exchanges, plant growth and dry mass accumulation”
e4“enhanced activities or contents of antioxidants (e.g. ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione redutase and ascorbic acid)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress enhanced ascorbic acid content in poplars.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under water stress, poplars showed a series of biochemical adjustments and morphological changes as follows: a decrease in leaf relative water content, gas exchanges, plant growth and dry mass accumulation”
e4“enhanced activities or contents of antioxidants (e.g. ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione redutase and ascorbic acid)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress reduced amounts of leaf pigments in poplars.
- Treatment
- water stresse1
- Outcome
- amounts of leaf pigmentse5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Qualifier
- chlorophyll and carotenoide5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under water stress, poplars showed a series of biochemical adjustments and morphological changes as follows: a decrease in leaf relative water content, gas exchanges, plant growth and dry mass accumulation”
e5“reduced amounts of leaf pigments (e.g. chlorophyll and carotenoid)”
Claim · model-written summary
P. przewalskii allocated more to root dry mass than P. cathayana under water stress.
- Taxon
- P. przewalskiiPopulus przewalskiie6
- Outcome
- root dry masse6
- Direction
- moree6
- Comparator
- P. cathayanae6
Verbatim
e6“Compared with P. cathayana, P. przewalskii responded to water stress by allocating relatively more to root dry mass, possessing a higher net photosynthesis rate, and having more efficient protective mechanisms, such as more osmolyte accumulation, stronger antioxidant activities and lower chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
P. przewalskii had a higher net photosynthesis rate than P. cathayana under water stress.
- Taxon
- P. przewalskiiPopulus przewalskiie6
- Outcome
- net photosynthesis ratee6
- Direction
- highere6
- Comparator
- P. cathayanae6
Verbatim
e6“Compared with P. cathayana, P. przewalskii responded to water stress by allocating relatively more to root dry mass, possessing a higher net photosynthesis rate, and having more efficient protective mechanisms, such as more osmolyte accumulation, stronger antioxidant activities and lower chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
P. przewalskii accumulated more osmolytes than P. cathayana under water stress.
- Taxon
- P. przewalskiiPopulus przewalskiie6
- Outcome
- osmolyte accumulatione6
- Direction
- moree6
- Comparator
- P. cathayanae6
Verbatim
e6“Compared with P. cathayana, P. przewalskii responded to water stress by allocating relatively more to root dry mass, possessing a higher net photosynthesis rate, and having more efficient protective mechanisms, such as more osmolyte accumulation, stronger antioxidant activities and lower chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
P. przewalskii had stronger antioxidant activities than P. cathayana under water stress.
- Taxon
- P. przewalskiiPopulus przewalskiie6
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitiese6
- Direction
- strongere6
- Comparator
- P. cathayanae6
Verbatim
e6“Compared with P. cathayana, P. przewalskii responded to water stress by allocating relatively more to root dry mass, possessing a higher net photosynthesis rate, and having more efficient protective mechanisms, such as more osmolyte accumulation, stronger antioxidant activities and lower chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
P. przewalskii had a lower chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio than P. cathayana under water stress.
- Taxon
- P. przewalskiiPopulus przewalskiie6
- Outcome
- chlorophyll/carotenoid ratioe6
- Direction
- lowere6
- Comparator
- P. cathayanae6
Verbatim
e6“Compared with P. cathayana, P. przewalskii responded to water stress by allocating relatively more to root dry mass, possessing a higher net photosynthesis rate, and having more efficient protective mechanisms, such as more osmolyte accumulation, stronger antioxidant activities and lower chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
P. przewalskii had lower electrolyte leakage, MDA and C=O than P. cathayana under water stress.
- Taxon
- P. przewalskiiPopulus przewalskiie7
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage, MDA, C=Oe7
- Direction
- lowere7
- Comparator
- P. cathayanae6
Verbatim
e6“Compared with P. cathayana, P. przewalskii responded to water stress by allocating relatively more to root dry mass, possessing a higher net photosynthesis rate, and having more efficient protective mechanisms, such as more osmolyte accumulation, stronger antioxidant activities and lower chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio”
e7“Thus, P. przewalskii suffered less damage as deduced from lower levels of electrolyte leakage, MDA, C=O and H(2) O(2) content”
Claim · model-written summary
P. przewalskii had lower hydrogen peroxide content than P. cathayana under water stress.
- Taxon
- P. przewalskiiPopulus przewalskiie7
- Outcome
- H(2) O(2) contente7
- Direction
- lowere7
- Comparator
- P. cathayanae6
Verbatim
e6“Compared with P. cathayana, P. przewalskii responded to water stress by allocating relatively more to root dry mass, possessing a higher net photosynthesis rate, and having more efficient protective mechanisms, such as more osmolyte accumulation, stronger antioxidant activities and lower chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio”
e7“Thus, P. przewalskii suffered less damage as deduced from lower levels of electrolyte leakage, MDA, C=O and H(2) O(2) content”
Claim · model-written summary
The two poplar species differed significantly in the extent of morphological and biochemical changes.
- Outcome
- morphological and biochemical changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were significant differences in the extent of morphological and biochemical changes between the two poplar species”
Claim · model-written summary
P. przewalskii from high altitude may have more efficient protective mechanisms than P. cathayana from low altitude.
- Taxon
- P. przewalskiiPopulus przewalskiie0
- Outcome
- protective mechanismse0
- Qualifier
- originating from high altitudee0
Verbatim
e0“Therefore, P. przewalskii originating from high altitude could possess more efficient protective mechanisms than P. cathayana, which is from low-altitude habitats”
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drought · physiology: osmolytes · Populus (poplar)Results agree
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.