Abstract
An experiment was conducted over two seasons to evaluate the effects of 5 t ha-1 of different organic inputs (manure, Brachystegia spiciformis (miombo) leaf litter, Leucaena leucocephala senesced leaves) and Compound D (8N-14P-7K) fertilizer (300 kg ha-1), and their combinations on maize growth and yield on a sandy soil at Makoholi Experimental Station, Zimbabwe. Prior to planting, vegetation from a 12 year fallow (primarily annual grasses) was ploughed under in November 1990. Maize ( Zea mays ) hybrid (R201) was planted in both seasons. Yields were extremely high in the first season. Addition of L.leucocephala leaf litter and manure to the soil, depressed plant growth up to tasselling and silking of maize, respectively. Leuceana leucocephala leaf litter resulted in a decrease in both shoot dry matter and grain yields. Total above ground dry matter was highest from the fertilizer only and the fertilizer plus miombo litter treatments, though both treatments were not significantly different from the control. Application of both manure and miomba litter resulted in suppression of growth compared to the control. Application of both manure and miombo litter resulted in suppression of growth compared to the control. Suppression of growth was overcome by the application of Compound D fertilizer. In the absence of fertilizer, there was no difference between manure and miombo litter, but miombo litter preformed better than manure in the presence of fertilizer. It is hypothesized that the application of Leucaena, manure and miombo litter resulted in immobilization of nutrients. Leucaena, which is rich in N but low in P, probably resulted in P immobilization.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
First-season maize yields were extremely high.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Yields were extremely high in the first season.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leucaena leaf litter depressed maize growth until tasselling.
- Organ / stage
- tassellinge0
- Treatment
- L.leucocephala leaf littere0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- depressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Addition of L.leucocephala leaf litter and manure to the soil, depressed plant growth up to tasselling and silking of maize, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure depressed maize growth until silking.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Addition of L.leucocephala leaf litter and manure to the soil, depressed plant growth up to tasselling and silking of maize, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leucaena leaf litter decreased maize shoot dry matter and grain yield.
- Treatment
- Leuceana leucocephala leaf littere0
- Outcome
- shoot dry matter and grain yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Leuceana leucocephala leaf litter resulted in a decrease in both shoot dry matter and grain yields.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer alone gave the highest total aboveground dry matter, without a significant difference from control.
- Treatment
- fertilizer onlye0
- Outcome
- Total above ground dry mattere0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Total above ground dry matter was highest from the fertilizer only and the fertilizer plus miombo litter treatments, though both treatments were not significantly different from the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer plus miombo litter gave the highest total aboveground dry matter, without a significant difference from control.
- Treatment
- fertilizer plus miombo littere0
- Outcome
- Total above ground dry mattere0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Total above ground dry matter was highest from the fertilizer only and the fertilizer plus miombo litter treatments, though both treatments were not significantly different from the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure suppressed maize growth relative to control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Application of both manure and miomba litter resulted in suppression of growth compared to the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Miombo litter suppressed maize growth relative to control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Application of both manure and miomba litter resulted in suppression of growth compared to the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Compound D fertilizer overcame the organic-input suppression of maize growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Suppression of growth was overcome by the application of Compound D fertilizer.”
Claim · model-written summary
Without fertilizer, manure and miombo litter did not differ in performance.
- Treatment
- miombo littere0
- Outcome
- no differencee0
- Direction
- no differencee0
- Qualifier
- absence of fertilizere0
- Comparator
- manuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“In the absence of fertilizer, there was no difference between manure and miombo litter, but miombo litter preformed better than manure in the presence of fertilizer.”
Claim · model-written summary
With fertilizer, miombo litter performed better than manure.
- Treatment
- miombo littere0
- Outcome
- preformed bettere0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- presence of fertilizere0
- Comparator
- manuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“miombo litter preformed better than manure in the presence of fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors hypothesize that Leucaena, manure and miombo litter immobilized nutrients.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“It is hypothesized that the application of Leucaena, manure and miombo litter resulted in immobilization of nutrients.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that Leucaena leaf litter caused phosphorus immobilization.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Leucaena, which is rich in N but low in P, probably resulted in P immobilization.”
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See all 1,365 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.