Paper · 1966 · Crop Science

Effect of Shade on Maize Production Under Field Conditions1

E. B. Earley; R. J. Miller; G. L. Reichert; et al.

5
claims
10
verbatim quotes
62
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Studies were made in 1954, 1955, and 1956 of the effects of various quantities of normal sunlight, obtained by the use of shade structures, on growth and grain production of three corn hybrids: Illinois 972A, Hy2 ✕ Oh41 (tolerant of high rates of planting), and WF9 ✕ C103 (intolerant of high rates of planting). The light treatlnents in 1954 were 100% (control), 70, 40, and 10%; 1955 and 1956, additional treatments of 30 and 20% were used. Shading was initiated in 1954, 1955, and 1956 on July 2, July 5, and June 8 thus providing 90, 72, and 113 days of treatment, respectively. In general, there was a significant decrease in measured components (grain, stover, total protein, total oil, etc.) as light was decreased. With minor exceptions, e.g., height, reduction of light by even 30% caused a decrease in production of plant material. Of signal importance is the essentially linear reduction in total plant (grain and stover) protein with decrease in light. Based on grain yields, Hy2 ✕ Oh41 proved to be more tolerant of low light levels than did WF9 ✕ C103 when shade treatments were imposed in mid‐season at a time when mutual shading becomes intense in dense plant populations.

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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 5

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Decreasing light significantly decreased grain and stover production.

Treatment
light was decreasede0
Outcome
grain, stovere0
Direction
decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In general, there was a significant decrease in measured components (grain, stover, total protein, total oil, etc.) as light was decreased.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 583–722 · show in text ↑
e1

“corn hybrids”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 180–192 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Decreasing light significantly decreased total protein and total oil.

Treatment
light was decreasede0
Outcome
total protein, total oile0
Direction
decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In general, there was a significant decrease in measured components (grain, stover, total protein, total oil, etc.) as light was decreased.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 583–722 · show in text ↑
e1

“corn hybrids”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 180–192 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A 30% reduction in light decreased plant material production, with minor exceptions including height.

Treatment
reduction of light by even 30%e0
Outcome
production of plant materiale0
Direction
decreasee0
Qualifier
With minor exceptions, e.g., heighte0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“With minor exceptions, e.g., height, reduction of light by even 30% caused a decrease in production of plant material.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 723–841 · show in text ↑
e1

“corn hybrids”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 180–192 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Total plant protein decreased approximately linearly with decreasing light.

Treatment
decrease in lighte0
Outcome
total plant (grain and stover) proteine0
Direction
reductione0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“the essentially linear reduction in total plant (grain and stover) protein with decrease in light.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 866–964 · show in text ↑
e1

“corn hybrids”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 180–192 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Hy2 ✕ Oh41 was more tolerant of low light than WF9 ✕ C103 based on grain yield.

Material
Hy2 ✕ Oh41e0
Outcome
tolerant of low light levelse0
Direction
more tolerante0
Qualifier
when shade treatments were imposed in mid‐seasone0
Comparator
WF9 ✕ C103e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Based on grain yields, Hy2 ✕ Oh41 proved to be more tolerant of low light levels than did WF9 ✕ C103 when shade treatments were imposed in mid‐season”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 965–1114 · show in text ↑
e1

“corn hybrids”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 180–192 · show in text ↑

light · quality: protein · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

11 papers: 4 positive, 7 negative or no effect

6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

7 papers more in this group

See all 11 papers →

light · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

48 papers: 17 positive, 31 negative or no effect

30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

44 papers more in this group

See all 48 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.