Abstract
In the winter of 2002, typical symptoms of powdery mildew were observed on leek plants (Allium porrum) in the Arsuz district, located in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Initially symptoms consisted of the extensive growth of a white, superficial powdery coating on the abaxial leaf surface. Newly infected leaves had a sparse covering of powdery mildew. As the disease progressed, white mycelial growth completely covered both leaf surfaces. Three weeks after initial observation, 71·7% of leeks were affected. The fungus produced mostly simple, straight, septate conidiophores (300–400 × 5–7 µm) arising from endophytic mycelium through stomata. Hyaline, single-celled primary and secondary conidia were borne on conidiophores. Primary conidia were lanceolate with distinct apical points, 57·3–79·6 µm × 14·2–18·5 µm. Secondary conidia were cylindrical to long, obovate with rounded ends, 55·9–80·3 µm × 12·0–15·3 µm. Globose, spherical, dark brown chasmothecia were scattered to occasionally gregarious, 160–210 µm in diameter, immersed in a dense mass of mycelium. Unbranched appendages were light to dark brown (4–7 µm in diameter). Each chasmothecium contained 12–45 two-spored, stalked asci (75–98 × 18–32 µm). Ascospores were ellipsoid to ovoid, 37–40 × 15–18 µm in diameter. Pathogenicity tests were performed by dusting conidia from naturally infected leek leaves onto water-misted abaxial leaf surface of 40-day-old healthy leek seedlings (cv. Uzun Bacak). Plants were enclosed in polyethylene bags for 2 days at 25°C and 80% relative humidity (RH), before being moved into a growth chamber at 25 ± 2°C, 75% RH with a 16 h photoperiod. Symptoms identical to that of naturally infected plants became visible 3–4 weeks after inoculation. No symptoms developed on control plants. Based on the occurrence of the disease, the presence of endophytic mycelium, characteristics of asexual and teleomorph stages (Braun, 1987; Palti, 1988), the pathogen was identified as Leveillula taurica. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Leveillula taurica on leek in Turkey. Powdery mildew infection on leeks and several other species, including onion, garlic, carrot and fennel, have been previously reported in northern Italy and Korea (Gullino et al., 1989; Shin, 2000).
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Powdery mildew was observed on leek in Arsuz, Turkey.
- Taxon
- leek
Allium ampeloprasume0 - Interactor
- Leveillula tauricat0pathogen
- Outcome
- symptoms of powdery mildewe0
- Setting
- Arsuz districte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“typical symptoms of powdery mildew were observed on leek plants (Allium porrum) in the Arsuz district, located in the Mediterranean region of Turkey.”
t0“Leveillula taurica”
Claim · model-written summary
Initially powdery mildew formed a white coating on the abaxial leaf surface.
- Taxon
- leekAllium ampeloprasumt0
- Interactor
- Leveillula tauricat1pathogen
- Outcome
- white, superficial powdery coating on the abaxial leaf surfacee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Initially symptoms consisted of the extensive growth of a white, superficial powdery coating on the abaxial leaf surface.”
t0“on leek ( Allium porrum )”
t1“Leveillula taurica”
Claim · model-written summary
Newly infected leek leaves had sparse powdery mildew coverage.
- Taxon
- leekAllium ampeloprasumt0
- Interactor
- Leveillula tauricat1pathogen
- Outcome
- sparse covering of powdery mildewe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Newly infected leaves had a sparse covering of powdery mildew.”
t0“on leek ( Allium porrum )”
t1“Leveillula taurica”
Claim · model-written summary
Later, white mycelium covered both leaf surfaces.
- Taxon
- leekAllium ampeloprasumt0
- Interactor
- Leveillula tauricat1pathogen
- Outcome
- white mycelial growth completely covered both leaf surfacese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“white mycelial growth completely covered both leaf surfaces.”
t0“on leek ( Allium porrum )”
t1“Leveillula taurica”
Claim · model-written summary
After three weeks, 71·7% of leeks were affected.
- Taxon
- leeksAllium ampeloprasume0
- Interactor
- Leveillula tauricat0pathogen
- Outcome
- leeks were affectede0
- Value
- 71·7%e0
- Qualifier
- Three weeks after initial observatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three weeks after initial observation, 71·7% of leeks were affected.”
t0“Leveillula taurica”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated leek seedlings developed symptoms identical to natural infections after 3–4 weeks, while controls had none.
- Taxon
- leekAllium ampeloprasumt0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Leveillula tauricat1pathogen
- Outcome
- Symptoms identical to that of naturally infected plantse0
- Qualifier
- 3–4 weekse0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Symptoms identical to that of naturally infected plants became visible 3–4 weeks after inoculation. No symptoms developed on control plants.”
t0“on leek ( Allium porrum )”
t1“Leveillula taurica”
Claim · model-written summary
The powdery mildew pathogen on leek was identified as Leveillula taurica.
- Taxon
- leekAllium ampeloprasumt0
- Interactor
- Leveillula tauricae0pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogen was identified as Leveillula tauricae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the pathogen was identified as Leveillula taurica.”
t0“on leek ( Allium porrum )”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors report Leveillula taurica on leek in Turkey for the first time.
- Taxon
- leekAllium ampeloprasume0
- Interactor
- Leveillula tauricae0pathogen
- Outcome
- first report of Leveillula taurica on leeke0
- Setting
- Turkeye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this is the first report of Leveillula taurica on leek in Turkey.”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · disease · Allium ampeloprasum (leek)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.