Abstract
A study was conducted from 2009 to 2011 near Blacksburg, VA, to gain a better understanding of how sowing method affected establishment and persistence of clover in permanent cool‐season grass pastures. Four 1.1‐ha pastures were split in half and assigned a broadcasted or no‐till drilled sowing treatment. Pasture treatments were sown with an equal proportion of red ( Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) each at 4.4 kg ha −1 in February 2009. Residual grass biomass on pastures was measured at sowing, and clover seedling density was counted 2 mo later. Grass, white clover, red clover, and weed biomass were measured four times during each growing season. Broadcast treatments had 56% more clover seedlings than drilled treatments 2 mo after sowing, but this difference was not significant ( P = 0.1087). No difference ( P > 0.10) for clover biomass was observed between sowing treatments in any year, yet clover establishment was considered successful (>25% of pasture composition). In the drilled treatments, clover seedling density was negatively affected by the amount of residual grass biomass present during sowing ( P = 0.0196). In the broadcasted treatment, a negative quadratic relationship between clover seedling density and residual grass biomass at sowing was found ( P = 0.0516). For successful establishment of clovers into permanent pastures, these data imply that removing residual grass biomass before sowing was more important than seeding method.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Broadcast sowing yielded 56% more clover seedlings than drilling after two months, but the difference was not significant.
- Taxon
- red ( Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover ( Trifolium repens L.)
Trifolium repens
Trifolium pratensee1 - Treatment
- Broadcast treatmentse0
- Outcome
- clover seedlingse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 56%e0
- Qualifier
- 2 mo after sowinge0
- Comparator
- drilled treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Broadcast treatments had 56% more clover seedlings than drilled treatments 2 mo after sowing, but this difference was not significant ( P = 0.1087)”
e1“red ( Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover ( Trifolium repens L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Clover biomass did not differ between sowing methods in any year.
- Taxon
- red ( Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover ( Trifolium repens L.)Trifolium repensTrifolium pratensee1
- Treatment
- broadcastede2
- Outcome
- clover biomasse0
- Direction
- No differencee0
- Qualifier
- in any yeare0
- Comparator
- no‐till drilled sowing treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No difference ( P > 0.10) for clover biomass was observed between sowing treatments in any year”
e1“red ( Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover ( Trifolium repens L.)”
e2“broadcasted or no‐till drilled sowing treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Clover establishment exceeded 25% of pasture composition.
- Taxon
- red ( Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover ( Trifolium repens L.)Trifolium repensTrifolium pratensee1
- Outcome
- clover establishmente0
- Direction
- successfule0
- Value
- >25% of pasture compositione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“clover establishment was considered successful (>25% of pasture composition)”
e1“red ( Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover ( Trifolium repens L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In drilled plots, residual grass biomass negatively affected clover seedling density.
- Taxon
- red ( Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover ( Trifolium repens L.)Trifolium repensTrifolium pratensee1
- Treatment
- drilled treatmentse0
- Outcome
- clover seedling densitye0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
- Qualifier
- amount of residual grass biomass present during sowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the drilled treatments, clover seedling density was negatively affected by the amount of residual grass biomass present during sowing ( P = 0.0196)”
e1“red ( Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover ( Trifolium repens L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In broadcast plots, seedling density had a negative quadratic relationship with residual grass biomass.
- Taxon
- red ( Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover ( Trifolium repens L.)Trifolium repensTrifolium pratensee1
- Treatment
- broadcasted treatmente0
- Outcome
- clover seedling densitye0
- Direction
- negativee0
- Qualifier
- residual grass biomass at sowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the broadcasted treatment, a negative quadratic relationship between clover seedling density and residual grass biomass at sowing was found ( P = 0.0516)”
e1“red ( Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover ( Trifolium repens L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that removing residual grass biomass matters more than seeding method for successful clover establishment.
TrifoliumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“removing residual grass biomass before sowing was more important than seeding method”
e1“clovers into permanent pastures”
The same questions in other papers
transplanting · growth · Trifolium pratense (red clover)Positive and negative results
2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
transplanting · growth · Trifolium repens (white clover)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.