Abstract
We have examined the role of the callose synthase PMR4 in basal resistance and beta-aminobutyric acid-induced resistance (BABA-IR) of Arabidopsis thaliana against the hemi-biotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria brassicicola. Compared to wild-type plants, the pmr4-1 mutant displayed enhanced basal resistance against P. syringae, which correlated with constitutive expression of the PR-1 gene. Treating the pmr4-1 mutant with BABA boosted the already elevated levels of PR-1 gene expression, and further increased the level of resistance. Hence, BABA-IR against P. syringae does not require PMR4-derived callose. Conversely, pmr4-1 plants showed enhanced susceptibility to A. brassicicola, and failed to show BABA-IR. Wild-type plants showing BABA-IR against A. brassicicola produced increased levels of JA. The pmr4-1 mutant produced less JA upon A. brassicicola infection than the wild-type. Blocking SA accumulation in pmr4-1 restored basal resistance, but not BABA-IR against A. brassicicola. This suggests that the mutant's enhanced susceptibility to A. brassicicola is caused by SA-mediated suppression of JA, whereas the lack of BABA-IR is caused by its inability to produce callose. A. brassicicola infection suppressed ABA accumulation. Pre-treatment with BABA antagonized this ABA accumulation, and concurrently potentiated expression of the ABA-responsive ABI1 gene. Hence, BABA prevents pathogen-induced suppression of ABA accumulation, and sensitizes the tissue to ABA, causing augmented deposition of PMR4-derived callose.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
pmr4-1 showed greater basal resistance to P. syringae than wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae1 - Material
- pmr4-1e0
- Interactor
- P. syringae
Pseudomonas syringaee0pathogen - Outcome
- basal resistance against P. syringaee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to wild-type plants, the pmr4-1 mutant displayed enhanced basal resistance against P. syringae”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced resistance correlated with constitutive PR-1 expression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- pmr4-1e2
- Gene
- PR-1e0
- Outcome
- constitutive expression of the PR-1 genee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which correlated with constitutive expression of the PR-1 gene”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e2“the pmr4-1 mutant displayed enhanced basal resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
BABA boosted PR-1 expression in pmr4-1.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- pmr4-1e0
- Treatment
- BABAe0
- Gene
- PR-1e0
- Outcome
- PR-1 gene expressione0
- Direction
- boostede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treating the pmr4-1 mutant with BABA boosted the already elevated levels of PR-1 gene expression”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
BABA further increased pmr4-1 resistance to P. syringae.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- pmr4-1e2
- Treatment
- BABAe4
- Interactor
- P. syringaePseudomonas syringaee3pathogen
- Outcome
- level of resistancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“further increased the level of resistance”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e2“Treating the pmr4-1 mutant with BABA”
e4“Treating the pmr4-1 mutant with BABA”
e3“resistance against P. syringae”
Claim · model-written summary
pmr4-1 showed enhanced susceptibility to A. brassicicola.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- pmr4-1e0
- Interactor
- A. brassicicola
Alternaria brassicicolae0pathogen - Outcome
- susceptibility to A. brassicicolae0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pmr4-1 plants showed enhanced susceptibility to A. brassicicola”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Wild type with BABA resistance produced more JA.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- Wild-type plantse0
- Interactor
- A. brassicicolaAlternaria brassicicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- levels of JAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wild-type plants showing BABA-IR against A. brassicicola produced increased levels of JA”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected pmr4-1 produced less JA than wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- pmr4-1e0
- Interactor
- A. brassicicolaAlternaria brassicicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- JAe0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- wild-typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pmr4-1 mutant produced less JA upon A. brassicicola infection than the wild-type”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Blocking SA accumulation restored basal resistance to A. brassicicola.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- pmr4-1e0
- Treatment
- Blocking SA accumulatione0
- Interactor
- A. brassicicolaAlternaria brassicicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- basal resistancee0
- Direction
- restorede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Blocking SA accumulation in pmr4-1 restored basal resistance, but not BABA-IR against A. brassicicola”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Blocking SA did not restore BABA resistance.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- Blocking SA accumulatione0
- Interactor
- A. brassicicolaAlternaria brassicicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- BABA-IRe0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Blocking SA accumulation in pmr4-1 restored basal resistance, but not BABA-IR against A. brassicicola”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
A. brassicicola infection suppressed ABA accumulation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- A. brassicicola infectione0
- Interactor
- A. brassicicolaAlternaria brassicicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- ABA accumulatione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. brassicicola infection suppressed ABA accumulation”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
BABA pretreatment countered pathogen suppression of ABA.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- Pre-treatment with BABAe0
- Outcome
- ABA accumulatione0
- Direction
- antagonizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-treatment with BABA antagonized this ABA accumulation”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
BABA pretreatment potentiated ABI1 expression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- Pre-treatment with BABAe2
- Gene
- ABI1e0
- Outcome
- expression of the ABA-responsive ABI1 genee0
- Direction
- potentiatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“concurrently potentiated expression of the ABA-responsive ABI1 gene”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e2“Pre-treatment with BABA”
Claim · model-written summary
BABA sensitizes tissue to ABA and augments PMR4 callose deposition.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- PMR4e0
- Outcome
- deposition of PMR4-derived callosee0
- Qualifier
- sensitizes the tissue to ABAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sensitizes the tissue to ABA, causing augmented deposition of PMR4-derived callose”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.