Abstract
A new technique for storing rice at a temperature below ice point using fresh chilly air was developed. Freezing temperatures and extents of freezing injury of rice with various levels of moisture content were studied, and effects of temperature below ice point during a four-year storage period on the physiological properties of rice were investigated. Rice with moisture content of less than 17.8% did not freeze even at a temperature of -80°C. Low temperature maintained the vitality of rice, minimized physiological activities and starch deterioration in rice, and preserved rice quality. One thousand tons of rough rice was stored in two silos from the end of November 1999 and was aerated from the bottom to top of each silo using fresh chilly air in January 2000. The rough rice temperature fell below ice point. At the end of July 2000, the rough rice temperature in the center of each silo was still below ice point. The rice quality stored in the silos was preserved at a level similar to that of freshly harvested rice. A combination of rice storage below ice point and utilization of fresh chilly air enables the rice quality to be preserved at a high level without the requirement of a cooling unit or electricity. The use of this storage technique has been increasing in cold regions after the on-farm experiment. In Hokkaido, the northernmost island in Japan, 26 grain-elevators have been constructed since 1996. The storage capacity of rough rice was 115,000 t at the end of 2003.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Rice below 17.8% moisture did not freeze even at -80°C.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativae0 - Outcome
- did not freezee0
- Value
- 17.8%e0
- Qualifier
- -80°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice with moisture content of less than 17.8% did not freeze even at a temperature of -80°C”
t0“Rice Quality Preservation during On-Farm Storage Using Fresh Chilly Air”
t1“Rice Quality Preservation during On-Farm Storage Using Fresh Chilly Air”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature maintained rice vitality.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Low temperaturee0
- Outcome
- vitalitye0
- Direction
- maintainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature maintained the vitality of rice”
t0“Rice Quality Preservation during On-Farm Storage Using Fresh Chilly Air”
t1“Rice Quality Preservation during On-Farm Storage Using Fresh Chilly Air”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature minimized rice physiological activity and starch deterioration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Low temperaturee0
- Outcome
- physiological activities and starch deterioratione0
- Direction
- minimizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature maintained the vitality of rice, minimized physiological activities and starch deterioration in rice”
t0“Rice Quality Preservation during On-Farm Storage Using Fresh Chilly Air”
t1“Rice Quality Preservation during On-Farm Storage Using Fresh Chilly Air”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature preserved rice quality.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Low temperaturee0
- Outcome
- rice qualitye0
- Direction
- preservede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature maintained the vitality of rice, minimized physiological activities and starch deterioration in rice, and preserved rice quality”
t0“Rice Quality Preservation during On-Farm Storage Using Fresh Chilly Air”
t1“Rice Quality Preservation during On-Farm Storage Using Fresh Chilly Air”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh chilly air brought rough rice temperature below the ice point in silos.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The rough rice temperature fell below ice point”
t0“Rice Quality Preservation during On-Farm Storage Using Fresh Chilly Air”
t1“Rice Quality Preservation during On-Farm Storage Using Fresh Chilly Air”
Claim · model-written summary
The center of each silo was still below the ice point at the end of July 2000.
Verbatim
e0“At the end of July 2000, the rough rice temperature in the center of each silo was still below ice point”
t0“Rice Quality Preservation during On-Farm Storage Using Fresh Chilly Air”
t1“Rice Quality Preservation during On-Farm Storage Using Fresh Chilly Air”
Claim · model-written summary
Silo-stored rice quality remained similar to freshly harvested rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- stored in the silose0
- Outcome
- rice qualitye0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- freshly harvested ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rice quality stored in the silos was preserved at a level similar to that of freshly harvested rice”
t0“Rice Quality Preservation during On-Farm Storage Using Fresh Chilly Air”
t1“Rice Quality Preservation during On-Farm Storage Using Fresh Chilly Air”
Claim · model-written summary
The cold-air storage technique preserved rice quality without cooling equipment or electricity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- rice qualitye0
- Value
- high levele0
- Qualifier
- without the requirement of a cooling unit or electricitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A combination of rice storage below ice point and utilization of fresh chilly air enables the rice quality to be preserved at a high level without the requirement of a cooling unit or electricity”
t0“Rice Quality Preservation during On-Farm Storage Using Fresh Chilly Air”
t1“Rice Quality Preservation during On-Farm Storage Using Fresh Chilly Air”
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