Abstract
The present study was planned to delineate the role of antioxidants and different functional groups of Ricinus communis and Brassica juncea in the tolerance mechanisms toward cadmium (Cd) for phytoremediation. Application of Cd caused a reduction in dry biomass of 53.84% and 26.58% in root and 45.33% and 33.84% in shoots of B. juncea and R. communis, respectively. Antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase, and metabolites (proline) increased in both the species due to Cd exposure. The metal caused substantial changes in the functional groups present in the roots and leaves of the plants. A number of new peaks appeared in the Cd-treated plants, which indicate the production of the compounds responsible for the metal tolerance of these plants. R. communis has been found to possess a good antioxidant defense system against Cd stress and may be used for the phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils in place of edible crops, which enhance the risk of contaminating the food chain. It has been observed that R. communis accumulated 213.39 and 335.68 mg Cd in roots and shoots, respectively, whereas B. juncea accumulated 28.19 and 310.15 mg Cd in the roots and shoots, respectively.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced root dry biomass of B. juncea by 53.84%.
- Taxon
- B. juncea
Brassica junceae0 - Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- dry biomasse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 53.84%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Cd caused a reduction in dry biomass of 53.84% and 26.58% in root and 45.33% and 33.84% in shoots of B. juncea and R. communis, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced root dry biomass of R. communis by 26.58%.
- Taxon
- R. communis
Ricinus communise0 - Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- dry biomasse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 26.58%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Cd caused a reduction in dry biomass of 53.84% and 26.58% in root and 45.33% and 33.84% in shoots of B. juncea and R. communis, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced shoot dry biomass of B. juncea by 45.33%.
- Taxon
- B. junceaBrassica junceae0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- dry biomasse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 45.33%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Cd caused a reduction in dry biomass of 53.84% and 26.58% in root and 45.33% and 33.84% in shoots of B. juncea and R. communis, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced shoot dry biomass of R. communis by 33.84%.
- Taxon
- R. communisRicinus communise0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- dry biomasse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 33.84%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Cd caused a reduction in dry biomass of 53.84% and 26.58% in root and 45.33% and 33.84% in shoots of B. juncea and R. communis, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme activities increased in both species after cadmium exposure.
- Taxon
- castor bean and Indian mustardBrassica junceaRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- Cd exposuree0
- Outcome
- Antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase, and metabolites (proline) increased in both the species due to Cd exposure.”
t0“castor bean and Indian mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline increased in both species after cadmium exposure.
- Taxon
- castor bean and Indian mustardBrassica junceaRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- Cd exposuree0
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“metabolites (proline) increased in both the species due to Cd exposure”
t0“castor bean and Indian mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium changed root and leaf functional groups.
- Taxon
- castor bean and Indian mustardBrassica junceaRicinus communist0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese0
- Treatment
- The metale0
- Outcome
- functional groupse0
- Direction
- changese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The metal caused substantial changes in the functional groups present in the roots and leaves of the plants.”
t0“castor bean and Indian mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
New peaks appeared in cadmium treated plants.
- Taxon
- castor bean and Indian mustardBrassica junceaRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- Cd-treatede0
- Outcome
- new peaks appearede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A number of new peaks appeared in the Cd-treated plants”
t0“castor bean and Indian mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
R. communis accumulated 213.39 mg Cd in roots.
- Taxon
- R. communisRicinus communise0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- Cde0
- Value
- 213.39e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R. communis accumulated 213.39 and 335.68 mg Cd in roots and shoots, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
R. communis accumulated 335.68 mg Cd in shoots.
- Taxon
- R. communisRicinus communise0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- Cde0
- Value
- 335.68 mg Cde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R. communis accumulated 213.39 and 335.68 mg Cd in roots and shoots, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
B. juncea accumulated 28.19 mg Cd in roots.
- Taxon
- B. junceaBrassica junceae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- Cde0
- Value
- 28.19e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. juncea accumulated 28.19 and 310.15 mg Cd in the roots and shoots, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
B. juncea accumulated 310.15 mg Cd in shoots.
- Taxon
- B. junceaBrassica junceae0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- Cde0
- Value
- 310.15 mg Cde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. juncea accumulated 28.19 and 310.15 mg Cd in the roots and shoots, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest R. communis for phytoremediation of metal contaminated soils in place of edible crops.
- Taxon
- R. communisRicinus communise0
- Outcome
- phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soilse0
- Comparator
- edible cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R. communis has been found to possess a good antioxidant defense system against Cd stress and may be used for the phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils in place of edible crops”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · physiology: osmolytes · Ricinus communis (castor bean)Results differ
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
cadmium atom · growth · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Results differ
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →cadmium atom · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
cadmium atom · physiology: osmolytes · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
cadmium atom · growth · Ricinus communis (castor bean)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →heavy metal · physiology: osmolytes · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
heavy metal · physiology: osmolytes · Ricinus communis (castor bean)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
heavy metal · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.