Abstract
Abstract The Empress tree ( Paulownia tomentosa Steud.) is a fast growing deciduous tree originating from East Asia. It is grown as an ornamental plant, but can also be used as industrial wood. However, in some parts of North America, this species is considered invasive, with high impact on autochthonous populations. We have investigated whether post‐fire expansion of this species can be explained at the germination level by analyzing the interaction between physical (light and temperature) and chemical (smoke and nitrogenous compounds) fire‐related cues in the regulation of P. tomentosa germination. Light is the key environmental signal in the induction of germination of positively photoblastic P. tomentosa seeds. Smoke, applied in the form of extract (liquid smoke [LS]), stimulates light‐induced germination if applied during imbibition, or shortly after the inductive irradiation. This stimulatory effect of LS can be effectively prevented by far‐red light, suggesting that the mechanism of smoke action is phytochrome related. The LS had no effect on the germination percentage when applied during the phase of radicle protrusion. However, LS reduced radicle elongation and slowed its protrusion. The LS had no effect on the optimal temperature range of germination (23–27°C). The combined action of LS and KNO 3 in light‐induced germination was more effective then when each chemical was applied separately. It can be concluded that all tested components of fire, except elevated temperature, operate to stimulate germination of P. tomentosa seeds, suggesting that the post‐fire invasive potential of this species can, at least in part, be explained at the germination level.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Light induces P. tomentosa seed germination.
- Taxon
- P. tomentosa
Paulownia tomentosae0 - Treatment
- Lighte0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- inductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Light is the key environmental signal in the induction of germination of positively photoblastic P. tomentosa seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid smoke stimulates light-induced germination when applied during imbibition or shortly after irradiation.
- Taxon
- P. tomentosaPaulownia tomentosae1
- Treatment
- liquid smoke [LS]e0
- Outcome
- light‐induced germinatione0
- Direction
- stimulatese0
- Qualifier
- if applied during imbibition, or shortly after the inductive irradiatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Smoke, applied in the form of extract (liquid smoke [LS]), stimulates light‐induced germination if applied during imbibition, or shortly after the inductive irradiation”
e1“germination of P. tomentosa seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red light prevents the smoke stimulation.
- Taxon
- P. tomentosaPaulownia tomentosae1
- Treatment
- far‐red lighte0
- Outcome
- stimulatory effect of LSe0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This stimulatory effect of LS can be effectively prevented by far‐red light”
e1“germination of P. tomentosa seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid smoke had no effect on germination percentage during radicle protrusion.
- Taxon
- P. tomentosaPaulownia tomentosae1
- Treatment
- LSe0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- during the phase of radicle protrusione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The LS had no effect on the germination percentage when applied during the phase of radicle protrusion”
e1“germination of P. tomentosa seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid smoke reduced radicle elongation.
- Taxon
- P. tomentosaPaulownia tomentosae1
- Treatment
- LSe0
- Outcome
- radicle elongatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LS reduced radicle elongation and slowed its protrusion”
e1“germination of P. tomentosa seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid smoke slowed radicle protrusion.
- Taxon
- P. tomentosaPaulownia tomentosae1
- Treatment
- LSe0
- Outcome
- its protrusione0
- Direction
- slowede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LS reduced radicle elongation and slowed its protrusion”
e1“germination of P. tomentosa seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid smoke did not change the optimal temperature range for germination.
- Taxon
- P. tomentosaPaulownia tomentosae1
- Treatment
- LSe0
- Outcome
- optimal temperature range of germinatione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Value
- 23–27°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The LS had no effect on the optimal temperature range of germination (23–27°C)”
e1“germination of P. tomentosa seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined LS and KNO 3 stimulated light-induced germination more than either alone.
- Taxon
- P. tomentosaPaulownia tomentosae1
- Treatment
- LS and KNO 3e0
- Outcome
- light‐induced germinatione0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- each chemical was applied separatelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined action of LS and KNO 3 in light‐induced germination was more effective then when each chemical was applied separately”
e1“germination of P. tomentosa seeds”
The same questions in other papers
light · growth · Paulownia tomentosaResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.