Abstract
Urban soils are often not ideal planting sites due to removal of native topsoil or the mixing of topsoil and subsoil at the site. Adding pine bark based soil amendments to a clay soil altered soil bulk density and soil compaction which resulted in improved plant growth. Addition of nitrogen (N) or cotton gin waste to pine bark resulted in improved plant growth compared to pine bark alone. Growth of pansies ( Viola × wittrockiana ) during the 1999-2000 winter growing season was enhanced by the addition of pine bark plus nitrogen at 3- and 6-inch (7.6- and 15.2-cm) application rates (PBN3 and PBN6) and pine bark plus cotton gin waste at the 6 inch rate (CGW6). Plant size and flower production of vinca ( Catharanthus roseus ) were reduced by pine bark amendments applied at 3- or 6-inch rates (PB3 or PB6). Crapemyrtle ( Lagerstroemia indica ) grown in plots amended with 3 or 6 inches of pine bark plus cotton gin waste (CGW3 or CGW6) and pine bark plus nitrogen at 3- or 6-inch rates (PBN3 or PBN6) produced greater shoot growth than other amendment treatments. In some instances PB3 treatments suppressed growth. High levels of N and soluble salts derived from CGW and PBN soil amendments incorporated into the soil probably contributed to the improved plant growth observed in this experiment.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Pine bark amendment altered soil bulk density and compaction and improved plant growth.
PinusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Adding pine bark based soil amendments to a clay soil altered soil bulk density and soil compaction which resulted in improved plant growth.”
t0“Nitrogen and Cotton Gin Waste Enhance Effectiveness of Pine Bark Soil Amendment”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding nitrogen to pine bark improved plant growth compared with bark alone.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of nitrogen (N) or cotton gin waste to pine bark resulted in improved plant growth compared to pine bark alone.”
t0“Nitrogen and Cotton Gin Waste Enhance Effectiveness of Pine Bark Soil Amendment”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding cotton gin waste to pine bark improved plant growth compared with bark alone.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of nitrogen (N) or cotton gin waste to pine bark resulted in improved plant growth compared to pine bark alone.”
t0“Nitrogen and Cotton Gin Waste Enhance Effectiveness of Pine Bark Soil Amendment”
Claim · model-written summary
Pine bark plus nitrogen at 3 and 6 inches enhanced pansy growth.
- Taxon
- pansies
Viola ×wittrockianae0 - Treatment
- pine bark plus nitrogen at 3- and 6-inche0
- Outcome
- Growth of pansiese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth of pansies ( Viola × wittrockiana ) during the 1999-2000 winter growing season was enhanced by the addition of pine bark plus nitrogen at 3- and 6-inch (7.6- and 15.2-cm) application rates (PBN3 and PBN6)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pine bark plus cotton gin waste at 6 inches enhanced pansy growth.
- Treatment
- pine bark plus cotton gin waste at the 6 inch ratee0
- Outcome
- Cotton Gin Waste Enhance Effectivenesst0
- Direction
- Enhancet0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pine bark plus cotton gin waste at the 6 inch rate (CGW6).”
t0“Nitrogen and Cotton Gin Waste Enhance Effectiveness of Pine Bark Soil Amendment”
Claim · model-written summary
Pine bark at 3 or 6 inches reduced vinca size and flower production.
- Treatment
- pine bark amendments applied at 3- or 6-inch ratese0
- Outcome
- Plant size and flower productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
VincaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant size and flower production of vinca ( Catharanthus roseus ) were reduced by pine bark amendments applied at 3- or 6-inch rates (PB3 or PB6).”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton gin waste with bark at 3 or 6 inches increased crapemyrtle shoot growth over other amendments.
- Taxon
- Crapemyrtle
_em_um_fim_de_tarde_em_Bag%C3%A9-RS.jpg?width=60)
Lagerstroemia indicae0 - Treatment
- 3 or 6 inches of pine bark plus cotton gin wastee0
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- other amendment treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_em_um_fim_de_tarde_em_Bag%C3%A9-RS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Crapemyrtle ( Lagerstroemia indica ) grown in plots amended with 3 or 6 inches of pine bark plus cotton gin waste (CGW3 or CGW6) and pine bark plus nitrogen at 3- or 6-inch rates (PBN3 or PBN6) produced greater shoot growth than other amendment treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen with bark at 3 or 6 inches increased crapemyrtle shoot growth over other amendments.
- Taxon
- CrapemyrtleLagerstroemia indicae0
- Treatment
- pine bark plus nitrogen at 3- or 6-inch ratese0
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- other amendment treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crapemyrtle ( Lagerstroemia indica ) grown in plots amended with 3 or 6 inches of pine bark plus cotton gin waste (CGW3 or CGW6) and pine bark plus nitrogen at 3- or 6-inch rates (PBN3 or PBN6) produced greater shoot growth than other amendment treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pine bark alone at 3 inches sometimes suppressed growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In some instances PB3 treatments suppressed growth.”
t0“Nitrogen and Cotton Gin Waste Enhance Effectiveness of Pine Bark Soil Amendment”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute improved growth partly to nitrogen and salts from CGW and PBN amendments.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High levels of N and soluble salts derived from CGW and PBN soil amendments incorporated into the soil probably contributed to the improved plant growth observed in this experiment.”
t0“Nitrogen and Cotton Gin Waste Enhance Effectiveness of Pine Bark Soil Amendment”
The same questions in other papers
other · yield · VincaPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
nitrogen · growth · PinusPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →nitrogen · growth · Lagerstroemia indica (crepe myrtle)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →other · growth · PinusPositive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.