Abstract
As part of Fe biofortification efforts for common beans, this study measured iron density, polyphenolic profile, and myo‐inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) in the major seed organs (cotyledon, seed coats and radicle‐plumules) of eight colored parental genotypes from the CIAT breeding program. An in vitro digestion/Caco‐2 model was used to measure bioavailable iron. The cotyledons represented 88‐92% of the bean biomass, 75–95% of the total iron and 86–98% of the total IP6. The seed coats represented 8–10% of the seed biomass, 3–22% of the total iron and 1–10% of total IP6. The radicle‐plumule contained 0.64–1.82% of total bean biomass, 1.09–3.75% of the total iron and 0.68–3.41% of the total IP6. The whole beans contained 52–75‐μg g‐1 Fe and 6.2‐11.6‐μmol g‐1 IP6. The seed coats were shown to be the major deposits of polyphenols and exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on Fe bioavailability. Polyphenolic profiles demonstrated that quercitrin and kaempferol concentrations were linked to inhibition of Fe bioavailability, but anthocyanins were not completely linked to this trait. The removal of seed coats improves Caco‐2 cell Fe uptake 20 fold. Removing seed coats and adding ascorbate increased Caco‐2 cell Fe uptake by 130 fold. For the individual seed organs, the highest Caco‐2 cell Fe uptake was observed in cotyledons with the highest concentration of iron. These results suggest that the in situ location of Fe and IP6 in beans is a genotype dependent trait. Removing polyphenols from beans would greatly improve bean‐Fe bioavailability but decreasing IP6 did not represent higher bioavailability of Fe. Funding: HarvestPlus and USDA‐ARS.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Cotyledons represented 88–92% of the bean biomass.
- Taxon
- common beans
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Organ / stage
- cotyledonse1
- Outcome
- bean biomasse1
- Value
- 88‐92%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efforts for common beans”
e1“The cotyledons represented 88‐92% of the bean biomass, 75–95% of the total iron and 86–98% of the total IP6”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotyledons held 75–95% of the total iron of the bean.
- Taxon
- common beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledonse1
- Outcome
- total irone1
- Value
- 75–95%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efforts for common beans”
e1“The cotyledons represented 88‐92% of the bean biomass, 75–95% of the total iron and 86–98% of the total IP6”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotyledons held 86–98% of the total IP6 of the bean.
- Taxon
- common beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledonse1
- Outcome
- total IP6e1
- Value
- 86–98%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efforts for common beans”
e1“The cotyledons represented 88‐92% of the bean biomass, 75–95% of the total iron and 86–98% of the total IP6”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed coats represented 8–10% of the seed biomass.
- Taxon
- common beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- seed coatse2
- Outcome
- seed biomasse2
- Value
- 8–10%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efforts for common beans”
e2“The seed coats represented 8–10% of the seed biomass, 3–22% of the total iron and 1–10% of total IP6”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed coats held 3–22% of the total iron of the bean.
- Taxon
- common beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- seed coatse2
- Outcome
- total irone2
- Value
- 3–22%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efforts for common beans”
e2“The seed coats represented 8–10% of the seed biomass, 3–22% of the total iron and 1–10% of total IP6”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed coats held 1–10% of the total IP6 of the bean.
- Taxon
- common beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- seed coatse2
- Outcome
- total IP6e2
- Value
- 1–10%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efforts for common beans”
e2“The seed coats represented 8–10% of the seed biomass, 3–22% of the total iron and 1–10% of total IP6”
Claim · model-written summary
The radicle-plumule contained 0.64–1.82% of total bean biomass.
- Taxon
- common beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- radicle‐plumulee3
- Outcome
- total bean biomasse3
- Value
- 0.64–1.82%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efforts for common beans”
e3“The radicle‐plumule contained 0.64–1.82% of total bean biomass, 1.09–3.75% of the total iron and 0.68–3.41% of the total IP6”
Claim · model-written summary
The radicle-plumule held 1.09–3.75% of the total iron of the bean.
- Taxon
- common beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- radicle‐plumulee3
- Outcome
- total irone3
- Value
- 1.09–3.75%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efforts for common beans”
e3“The radicle‐plumule contained 0.64–1.82% of total bean biomass, 1.09–3.75% of the total iron and 0.68–3.41% of the total IP6”
Claim · model-written summary
The radicle-plumule held 0.68–3.41% of the total IP6 of the bean.
- Taxon
- common beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- radicle‐plumulee3
- Outcome
- total IP6e3
- Value
- 0.68–3.41%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efforts for common beans”
e3“The radicle‐plumule contained 0.64–1.82% of total bean biomass, 1.09–3.75% of the total iron and 0.68–3.41% of the total IP6”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole beans contained 52–75 μg g-1 of iron.
- Taxon
- common beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- whole beanse4
- Outcome
- Fee4
- Value
- 52–75‐μg g‐1e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efforts for common beans”
e4“The whole beans contained 52–75‐μg g‐1 Fe and 6.2‐11.6‐μmol g‐1 IP6”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole beans contained 6.2–11.6 μmol g-1 of IP6.
- Taxon
- common beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- whole beanse4
- Outcome
- IP6e4
- Value
- 6.2‐11.6‐μmol g‐1e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efforts for common beans”
e4“The whole beans contained 52–75‐μg g‐1 Fe and 6.2‐11.6‐μmol g‐1 IP6”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed coats were the major deposits of polyphenols in the bean seed.
- Taxon
- common beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- seed coatse5
- Outcome
- major deposits of polyphenolse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efforts for common beans”
e5“The seed coats were shown to be the major deposits of polyphenols and exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on Fe bioavailability”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed coats had a strong inhibitory effect on Fe bioavailability.
- Taxon
- common beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- seed coatse5
- Outcome
- Fe bioavailabilitye5
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efforts for common beans”
e5“The seed coats were shown to be the major deposits of polyphenols and exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on Fe bioavailability”
Claim · model-written summary
Quercitrin and kaempferol concentrations were linked to inhibition of Fe bioavailability.
- Taxon
- common beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Compound
- quercitrin and kaempferole6
- Outcome
- Fe bioavailabilitye6
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efforts for common beans”
e6“quercitrin and kaempferol concentrations were linked to inhibition of Fe bioavailability”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthocyanins were not completely linked to inhibition of Fe bioavailability.
- Taxon
- common beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Compound
- anthocyaninse6
- Outcome
- Fe bioavailabilitye6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efforts for common beans”
e6“Polyphenolic profiles demonstrated that quercitrin and kaempferol concentrations were linked to inhibition of Fe bioavailability, but anthocyanins were not completely linked to this trait”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing seed coats increased Caco-2 cell Fe uptake 20-fold.
- Taxon
- common beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- removal of seed coatse7
- Outcome
- Caco‐2 cell Fe uptakee7
- Direction
- improvese7
- Value
- 20 folde7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efforts for common beans”
e7“The removal of seed coats improves Caco‐2 cell Fe uptake 20 fold”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing seed coats and adding ascorbate increased Caco-2 cell Fe uptake 130-fold.
- Taxon
- common beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Removing seed coats and adding ascorbatee1
- Outcome
- Caco‐2 cell Fe uptakee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 130 folde1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efforts for common beans”
e1“Removing seed coats and adding ascorbate increased Caco‐2 cell Fe uptake by 130 fold”
Claim · model-written summary
Caco-2 cell Fe uptake was highest for cotyledons, which had the highest iron concentration among the seed organs.
- Taxon
- common beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledonse1
- Outcome
- Caco‐2 cell Fe uptakee1
- Qualifier
- highest concentration of irone1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efforts for common beans”
e1“For the individual seed organs, the highest Caco‐2 cell Fe uptake was observed in cotyledons with the highest concentration of iron”
Claim · model-written summary
The in situ location of Fe and IP6 in beans is a genotype-dependent trait.
Verbatim
e0“efforts for common beans”
e1“These results suggest that the in situ location of Fe and IP6 in beans is a genotype dependent trait”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreasing IP6 did not give higher Fe bioavailability in beans.
Verbatim
e0“efforts for common beans”
e1“Removing polyphenols from beans would greatly improve bean‐Fe bioavailability but decreasing IP6 did not represent higher bioavailability of Fe”
The same questions in other papers
ascorbate · nutrient: content · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.