Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during 1998-2002 at the Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Berhampore (West Bengal), under rainfed, Gangetic alluvial soil conditions, to study the effect of integrated nutrient packages on growth characters, leaf yield, leaf quality, N, P and K uptake by leaves in mulberry (Morus alba L.) utilizing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculated 'S1' mulberry saplings, Azotobacter chroococcum, Eichhornia compost, green manuring with Sesbania rostrata and Crotalaria juncea L., leguminous cover crop with cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] and rice bean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & H. Ohasi] and 2 levels of nitrogen and potassium and 1 level of phosphorus. Significant differences were observed among the treatments for plant height, branches/plant, leaves/plant, leaf area, leaf yield, leaf moisture, total soluble sugar, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake in leaf except total soluble protein. Season × treatment and year × treatment interactions were also found significant except for total soluble protein and total soluble sugar content in leaves. However, branches/plant, leaves/plant, leaf yield, leaf area, leaf moisture, total phosphorus and potassium uptake by leaves were found moderate owing to application of recommended dose of N, P and K. The leaf quality did not exhibit much variation among the treatments and controls. However, some of the important quality parameters recorded maximum values in different treatments in comparison with the controls. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculated 'S 1' mulberry saplings planted at 90 cm × 90 cm spacing with 45 cm and 60 cm pruning height in alternate crop along with green manuring with Crotalariajuncea during rainy season, leguminous cover crop with Vigna umbellata during the winter season and application of 50% of recommended doses of N and P and full dose of K significantly increased plant height (124.41 cm), branches/plant (7.49), leaf yield (9.71 tonnes/ha/year), total soluble sugar (43.14 mg/g fresh weight) and total soluble protein (20.54 mg/g fresh weight) content in the leaf and N (52.35 kg/ha/year), P (7.56 kg/ ha/year) and K (29.89 kg/ha/year) uptake by leaves. In addition, the leaf yield increased by 13.57% and the expenditure of mulberry cultivation was reduced by 31.89%.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated treatment increased plant height to 124.41 cm.
- Taxon
- mulberryt0
- Treatment
- application of 50% of recommended doses of N and P and full dose of Ke0
- Interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 124.41 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculated 'S 1' mulberry saplings planted at 90 cm × 90 cm spacing with 45 cm and 60 cm pruning height in alternate crop along with green manuring with Crotalariajuncea during rainy season, leguminous cover crop with Vigna umbellata during the winter season and application of 50% of recommended doses of N and P and full dose of K significantly increased plant height (124.41 cm), branches/plant (7.49), leaf yield (9.71 tonnes/ha/year), total soluble sugar (43.14 mg/g fresh weight) and total soluble protein (20.54 mg/g fresh weight) content in the leaf and N (52.35 kg/ha/year), P (7.56 kg/ ha/year) and K (29.89 kg/ha/year) uptake by leaves.”
t0“mulberry (Morus alba)”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated treatment increased branches/plant to 7.49.
- Taxon
- mulberryt0
- Treatment
- application of 50% of recommended doses of N and P and full dose of Ke0
- Interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- branches/plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.49e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculated 'S 1' mulberry saplings planted at 90 cm × 90 cm spacing with 45 cm and 60 cm pruning height in alternate crop along with green manuring with Crotalariajuncea during rainy season, leguminous cover crop with Vigna umbellata during the winter season and application of 50% of recommended doses of N and P and full dose of K significantly increased plant height (124.41 cm), branches/plant (7.49), leaf yield (9.71 tonnes/ha/year), total soluble sugar (43.14 mg/g fresh weight) and total soluble protein (20.54 mg/g fresh weight) content in the leaf and N (52.35 kg/ha/year), P (7.56 kg/ ha/year) and K (29.89 kg/ha/year) uptake by leaves.”
t0“mulberry (Morus alba)”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated treatment increased leaf yield to 9.71 tonnes/ha/year.
- Taxon
- mulberryt0
- Treatment
- application of 50% of recommended doses of N and P and full dose of Ke0
- Interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 9.71 tonnes/ha/yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculated 'S 1' mulberry saplings planted at 90 cm × 90 cm spacing with 45 cm and 60 cm pruning height in alternate crop along with green manuring with Crotalariajuncea during rainy season, leguminous cover crop with Vigna umbellata during the winter season and application of 50% of recommended doses of N and P and full dose of K significantly increased plant height (124.41 cm), branches/plant (7.49), leaf yield (9.71 tonnes/ha/year), total soluble sugar (43.14 mg/g fresh weight) and total soluble protein (20.54 mg/g fresh weight) content in the leaf and N (52.35 kg/ha/year), P (7.56 kg/ ha/year) and K (29.89 kg/ha/year) uptake by leaves.”
t0“mulberry (Morus alba)”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated treatment increased total soluble sugar to 43.14 mg/g fresh weight.
- Taxon
- mulberryt0
- Treatment
- application of 50% of recommended doses of N and P and full dose of Ke0
- Interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- total soluble sugare0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 43.14 mg/g fresh weighte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculated 'S 1' mulberry saplings planted at 90 cm × 90 cm spacing with 45 cm and 60 cm pruning height in alternate crop along with green manuring with Crotalariajuncea during rainy season, leguminous cover crop with Vigna umbellata during the winter season and application of 50% of recommended doses of N and P and full dose of K significantly increased plant height (124.41 cm), branches/plant (7.49), leaf yield (9.71 tonnes/ha/year), total soluble sugar (43.14 mg/g fresh weight) and total soluble protein (20.54 mg/g fresh weight) content in the leaf and N (52.35 kg/ha/year), P (7.56 kg/ ha/year) and K (29.89 kg/ha/year) uptake by leaves.”
t0“mulberry (Morus alba)”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated treatment increased total soluble protein to 20.54 mg/g fresh weight.
- Taxon
- mulberryt0
- Treatment
- application of 50% of recommended doses of N and P and full dose of Ke0
- Interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- total soluble proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20.54 mg/g fresh weighte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculated 'S 1' mulberry saplings planted at 90 cm × 90 cm spacing with 45 cm and 60 cm pruning height in alternate crop along with green manuring with Crotalariajuncea during rainy season, leguminous cover crop with Vigna umbellata during the winter season and application of 50% of recommended doses of N and P and full dose of K significantly increased plant height (124.41 cm), branches/plant (7.49), leaf yield (9.71 tonnes/ha/year), total soluble sugar (43.14 mg/g fresh weight) and total soluble protein (20.54 mg/g fresh weight) content in the leaf and N (52.35 kg/ha/year), P (7.56 kg/ ha/year) and K (29.89 kg/ha/year) uptake by leaves.”
t0“mulberry (Morus alba)”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated treatment increased N to 52.35 kg/ha/year.
- Taxon
- mulberryt0
- Treatment
- application of 50% of recommended doses of N and P and full dose of Ke0
- Interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 52.35 kg/ha/yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculated 'S 1' mulberry saplings planted at 90 cm × 90 cm spacing with 45 cm and 60 cm pruning height in alternate crop along with green manuring with Crotalariajuncea during rainy season, leguminous cover crop with Vigna umbellata during the winter season and application of 50% of recommended doses of N and P and full dose of K significantly increased plant height (124.41 cm), branches/plant (7.49), leaf yield (9.71 tonnes/ha/year), total soluble sugar (43.14 mg/g fresh weight) and total soluble protein (20.54 mg/g fresh weight) content in the leaf and N (52.35 kg/ha/year), P (7.56 kg/ ha/year) and K (29.89 kg/ha/year) uptake by leaves.”
t0“mulberry (Morus alba)”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated treatment increased P to 7.56 kg/ ha/year.
- Taxon
- mulberryt0
- Treatment
- application of 50% of recommended doses of N and P and full dose of Ke0
- Interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.56 kg/ ha/yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculated 'S 1' mulberry saplings planted at 90 cm × 90 cm spacing with 45 cm and 60 cm pruning height in alternate crop along with green manuring with Crotalariajuncea during rainy season, leguminous cover crop with Vigna umbellata during the winter season and application of 50% of recommended doses of N and P and full dose of K significantly increased plant height (124.41 cm), branches/plant (7.49), leaf yield (9.71 tonnes/ha/year), total soluble sugar (43.14 mg/g fresh weight) and total soluble protein (20.54 mg/g fresh weight) content in the leaf and N (52.35 kg/ha/year), P (7.56 kg/ ha/year) and K (29.89 kg/ha/year) uptake by leaves.”
t0“mulberry (Morus alba)”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated treatment increased K to 29.89 kg/ha/year.
- Taxon
- mulberryt0
- Treatment
- application of 50% of recommended doses of N and P and full dose of Ke0
- Interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 29.89 kg/ha/yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculated 'S 1' mulberry saplings planted at 90 cm × 90 cm spacing with 45 cm and 60 cm pruning height in alternate crop along with green manuring with Crotalariajuncea during rainy season, leguminous cover crop with Vigna umbellata during the winter season and application of 50% of recommended doses of N and P and full dose of K significantly increased plant height (124.41 cm), branches/plant (7.49), leaf yield (9.71 tonnes/ha/year), total soluble sugar (43.14 mg/g fresh weight) and total soluble protein (20.54 mg/g fresh weight) content in the leaf and N (52.35 kg/ha/year), P (7.56 kg/ ha/year) and K (29.89 kg/ha/year) uptake by leaves.”
t0“mulberry (Morus alba)”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated nutrient treatments differed significantly for growth, yield, leaf quality and nutrient uptake traits except soluble protein.
Verbatim
e0“Significant differences were observed among the treatments for plant height, branches/plant, leaves/plant, leaf area, leaf yield, leaf moisture, total soluble sugar, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake in leaf except total soluble protein.”
t0“mulberry (Morus alba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Season-by-treatment and year-by-treatment interactions were significant except for leaf protein and sugar content.
- Taxon
- mulberryt0
- Treatment
- treatmente0
- Outcome
- Season × treatment and year × treatment interactionse0
- Qualifier
- except for total soluble protein and total soluble sugar content in leavese0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Season × treatment and year × treatment interactions were also found significant except for total soluble protein and total soluble sugar content in leaves.”
t0“mulberry (Morus alba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended NPK gave moderate growth, yield, moisture and nutrient uptake values.
- Taxon
- mulberryt0
- Treatment
- application of recommended dose of N, P and Ke0
- Outcome
- branches/plant, leaves/plant, leaf yield, leaf area, leaf moisture, total phosphorus and potassium uptake by leavese0
- Direction
- moderatee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“branches/plant, leaves/plant, leaf yield, leaf area, leaf moisture, total phosphorus and potassium uptake by leaves were found moderate owing to application of recommended dose of N, P and K.”
t0“mulberry (Morus alba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf quality showed little variation among treatments and controls.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf quality did not exhibit much variation among the treatments and controls.”
t0“mulberry (Morus alba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Some leaf quality parameters reached maximum values in different treatments versus controls.
Verbatim
e0“some of the important quality parameters recorded maximum values in different treatments in comparison with the controls.”
t0“mulberry (Morus alba)”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated treatment raised leaf yield by 13.57%.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“the leaf yield increased by 13.57% and the expenditure of mulberry cultivation was reduced by 31.89%.”
t0“mulberry (Morus alba)”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated treatment reduced mulberry cultivation expenditure by 31.89%.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“the leaf yield increased by 13.57% and the expenditure of mulberry cultivation was reduced by 31.89%.”
t0“mulberry (Morus alba)”
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