Abstract
In areas with high levels of soil boron, symptoms of boron (B) toxicity often appear under droughts. This greenhouse study examined the interactions of B-toxicity, drought, and genotypes on barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) root growth, B-toxicity symptoms, B concentrations of straw, and yield. Plants were grown in tubes 65 cm tall. Three factors were studied: B, water supply, and genotypes. There were 2 B levels, B0 v. B50, in the subsoil (20-60 cm). There were 4 levels of water supply: no drought (control), and early, mid-season, and terminal drought. Two barley lines were compared: Sahara (B-toxicity tolerant) and BOL (drought tolerant, B-toxicity sensitive). Significant B-by-drought interaction was detected in straw B concentration, root growth in subsoil, and straw and biological yield for BOL. Mean root growth in the 40–60-cm soil section was much higher under mid-season drought than under the control. At B50, plants under drought had 1-fold higher straw B concentrations and more B-toxicity symptoms than the control plants. This is the first study to provide data to explain the frequent association of B-toxicity symptoms with droughts in the field. The results clearly showed that tolerance to B-toxicity, as well as drought, is needed in dry areas having high levels of subsoil B.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Boron and drought interacted significantly for straw boron concentration in BOL.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Material
- BOLe0
- Treatment
- B-by-drought interactione0
- Outcome
- straw B concentratione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Significant B-by-drought interaction was detected in straw B concentration, root growth in subsoil, and straw and biological yield for BOL”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron and drought interacted significantly for root growth in BOL subsoil.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- BOLe0
- Treatment
- B-by-drought interactione0
- Outcome
- root growth in subsoile0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Significant B-by-drought interaction was detected in straw B concentration, root growth in subsoil, and straw and biological yield for BOL”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron and drought interacted significantly for straw and biological yield in BOL.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- BOLe0
- Treatment
- B-by-drought interactione0
- Outcome
- straw and biological yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Significant B-by-drought interaction was detected in straw B concentration, root growth in subsoil, and straw and biological yield for BOL”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-season drought increased root growth at 40–60 cm relative to control.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- mid-season droughte0
- Outcome
- Mean root growth in the 40–60-cm soil sectione0
- Direction
- much highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Mean root growth in the 40–60-cm soil section was much higher under mid-season drought than under the control”
Claim · model-written summary
At B50, drought raised straw boron concentration one-fold versus control.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- straw B concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1-folde0
- Qualifier
- At B50e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“At B50, plants under drought had 1-fold higher straw B concentrations and more B-toxicity symptoms than the control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At B50, drought increased boron-toxicity symptoms versus control.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- B-toxicity symptomse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- At B50e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“At B50, plants under drought had 1-fold higher straw B concentrations and more B-toxicity symptoms than the control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that dry high-boron areas require tolerance to both boron toxicity and drought.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- tolerance to B-toxicity, as well as drought, is needede0
- Setting
- dry arease0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“tolerance to B-toxicity, as well as drought, is needed in dry areas having high levels of subsoil B”
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