Abstract
Nitrate-fed and dark-stressed bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum) plants were used to study nodule senescence. In bean, 1 d of nitrate treatment caused a partially reversible decline in nitrogenase activity and an increase in O(2) diffusion resistance, but minimal changes in carbon metabolites, antioxidants, and other biochemical parameters, indicating that the initial decrease in nitrogenase activity was due to O(2) limitation. In pea, 1 d of dark treatment led to a 96% decline in nitrogenase activity and sucrose, indicating sugar deprivation as the primary cause of activity loss. In later stages of senescence (4 d of nitrate or 2-4 d of dark treatment), nodules showed accumulation of oxidized proteins and general ultrastructural deterioration. The major thiol tripeptides of untreated nodules were homoglutathione (72%) in bean and glutathione (89%) in pea. These predominant thiols declined by approximately 93% after 4 d of nitrate or dark treatment, but the loss of thiol content can be only ascribed in part to limited synthesis by gamma-glutamylcysteinyl, homoglutathione, and glutathione synthetases. Ascorbate peroxidase was immunolocalized primarily in the infected and parenchyma (inner cortex) nodule cells, with large decreases in senescent tissue. Ferritin was almost undetectable in untreated bean nodules, but accumulated in the plastids and amyloplasts of uninfected interstitial and parenchyma cells following 2 or 4 d of nitrate treatment, probably as a response to oxidative stress.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
In bean, one day of nitrate treatment caused a partially reversible decline in nitrogenase activity.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Organ / stage
- nodulee0
- Treatment
- 1 d of nitrate treatmente0
- Outcome
- nitrogenase activitye0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Qualifier
- partially reversiblee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate-fed and dark-stressed bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum) plants were used to study nodule senescence. In bean, 1 d of nitrate treatment caused a partially reversible decline in nitrogenase activity and an increase in O(2) diffusion resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
In bean, one day of nitrate treatment caused an increase in O2 diffusion resistance.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- nodulee0
- Treatment
- 1 d of nitrate treatmente0
- Outcome
- O(2) diffusion resistancee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate-fed and dark-stressed bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum) plants were used to study nodule senescence. In bean, 1 d of nitrate treatment caused a partially reversible decline in nitrogenase activity and an increase in O(2) diffusion resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
In bean, one day of nitrate treatment caused minimal changes in carbon metabolites, antioxidants and other biochemical parameters.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- 1 d of nitrate treatmente0
- Outcome
- carbon metabolites, antioxidants, and other biochemical parameterse1
- Direction
- minimal changese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate-fed and dark-stressed bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum) plants were used to study nodule senescence. In bean, 1 d of nitrate treatment caused a partially reversible decline in nitrogenase activity and an increase in O(2) diffusion resistance”
e1“but minimal changes in carbon metabolites, antioxidants, and other biochemical parameters, indicating that the initial decrease in nitrogenase activity was due to O(2) limitation”
Claim · model-written summary
The initial decrease in bean nitrogenase activity under nitrate treatment is attributed to O2 limitation.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Outcome
- initial decrease in nitrogenase activitye1
- Qualifier
- O(2) limitatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate-fed and dark-stressed bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum) plants were used to study nodule senescence. In bean, 1 d of nitrate treatment caused a partially reversible decline in nitrogenase activity and an increase in O(2) diffusion resistance”
e1“but minimal changes in carbon metabolites, antioxidants, and other biochemical parameters, indicating that the initial decrease in nitrogenase activity was due to O(2) limitation”
Claim · model-written summary
In pea, one day of dark treatment caused a 96% decline in nitrogenase activity and sucrose.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- 1 d of dark treatmente2
- Outcome
- nitrogenase activity and sucrosee2
- Direction
- declinee2
- Value
- 96%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate-fed and dark-stressed bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum) plants were used to study nodule senescence. In bean, 1 d of nitrate treatment caused a partially reversible decline in nitrogenase activity and an increase in O(2) diffusion resistance”
e2“In pea, 1 d of dark treatment led to a 96% decline in nitrogenase activity and sucrose, indicating sugar deprivation as the primary cause of activity loss”
Claim · model-written summary
In pea, the loss of nitrogenase activity is attributed to sugar deprivation.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Outcome
- activity losse2
- Qualifier
- sugar deprivatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate-fed and dark-stressed bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum) plants were used to study nodule senescence. In bean, 1 d of nitrate treatment caused a partially reversible decline in nitrogenase activity and an increase in O(2) diffusion resistance”
e2“In pea, 1 d of dark treatment led to a 96% decline in nitrogenase activity and sucrose, indicating sugar deprivation as the primary cause of activity loss”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate or dark stress in later senescence stages led to accumulation of oxidized proteins and general ultrastructural deterioration in nodules of bean and pea.
- Taxon
- bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum)Phaseolus vulgarisLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- nodulese3
- Treatment
- 4 d of nitrate or 2-4 d of dark treatmente3
- Outcome
- accumulation of oxidized proteins and general ultrastructural deterioratione3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate-fed and dark-stressed bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum) plants were used to study nodule senescence. In bean, 1 d of nitrate treatment caused a partially reversible decline in nitrogenase activity and an increase in O(2) diffusion resistance”
e3“In later stages of senescence (4 d of nitrate or 2-4 d of dark treatment), nodules showed accumulation of oxidized proteins and general ultrastructural deterioration”
Claim · model-written summary
Bean nodules untreated contained major thiol tripeptides, homoglutathione at 72 percent.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- untreated nodulese4
- Outcome
- major thiol tripeptidese4
- Value
- 72%e4
- Qualifier
- homoglutathionee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate-fed and dark-stressed bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum) plants were used to study nodule senescence. In bean, 1 d of nitrate treatment caused a partially reversible decline in nitrogenase activity and an increase in O(2) diffusion resistance”
e4“The major thiol tripeptides of untreated nodules were homoglutathione (72%) in bean and glutathione (89%) in pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Pea untreated nodules contained major thiol tripeptides, glutathione at 89 percent.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- untreated nodulese4
- Outcome
- major thiol tripeptidese4
- Value
- 89%e4
- Qualifier
- glutathionee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate-fed and dark-stressed bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum) plants were used to study nodule senescence. In bean, 1 d of nitrate treatment caused a partially reversible decline in nitrogenase activity and an increase in O(2) diffusion resistance”
e4“The major thiol tripeptides of untreated nodules were homoglutathione (72%) in bean and glutathione (89%) in pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Predominant thiols in bean and pea nodules declined by approximately 93 percent after 4 d of nitrate or dark treatment compared with untreated nodules.
- Taxon
- bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum)Phaseolus vulgarisLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- 4 d of nitrate or dark treatmente5
- Outcome
- predominant thiolse5
- Direction
- declinede5
- Value
- approximately 93%e5
- Comparator
- untreated nodulese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate-fed and dark-stressed bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum) plants were used to study nodule senescence. In bean, 1 d of nitrate treatment caused a partially reversible decline in nitrogenase activity and an increase in O(2) diffusion resistance”
e4“The major thiol tripeptides of untreated nodules were homoglutathione (72%) in bean and glutathione (89%) in pea”
e5“These predominant thiols declined by approximately 93% after 4 d of nitrate or dark treatment, but the loss of thiol content can be only ascribed in part to limited synthesis by gamma-glutamylcysteinyl, homoglutathione, and glutathione synthetases”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss of thiol content in bean and pea nodules is attributed in part to limited synthesis by thiol synthetases.
- Taxon
- bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum)Phaseolus vulgarisLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Gene
- gamma-glutamylcysteinyl, homoglutathione, and glutathione synthetasese5
- Outcome
- loss of thiol contente5
- Qualifier
- limited synthesise5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate-fed and dark-stressed bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum) plants were used to study nodule senescence. In bean, 1 d of nitrate treatment caused a partially reversible decline in nitrogenase activity and an increase in O(2) diffusion resistance”
e5“These predominant thiols declined by approximately 93% after 4 d of nitrate or dark treatment, but the loss of thiol content can be only ascribed in part to limited synthesis by gamma-glutamylcysteinyl, homoglutathione, and glutathione synthetases”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate peroxidase was immunolocalized primarily in infected and parenchyma nodule cells of bean and pea.
- Taxon
- bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum)Phaseolus vulgarisLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- infected and parenchyma (inner cortex) nodule cellse6
- Gene
- Ascorbate peroxidasee6
- Outcome
- immunolocalizede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate-fed and dark-stressed bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum) plants were used to study nodule senescence. In bean, 1 d of nitrate treatment caused a partially reversible decline in nitrogenase activity and an increase in O(2) diffusion resistance”
e6“Ascorbate peroxidase was immunolocalized primarily in the infected and parenchyma (inner cortex) nodule cells, with large decreases in senescent tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate peroxidase showed large decreases in senescent tissue of bean and pea nodules.
- Taxon
- bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum)Phaseolus vulgarisLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- senescent tissuee6
- Gene
- Ascorbate peroxidasee6
- Outcome
- Ascorbate peroxidasee6
- Direction
- large decreasese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate-fed and dark-stressed bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum) plants were used to study nodule senescence. In bean, 1 d of nitrate treatment caused a partially reversible decline in nitrogenase activity and an increase in O(2) diffusion resistance”
e6“Ascorbate peroxidase was immunolocalized primarily in the infected and parenchyma (inner cortex) nodule cells, with large decreases in senescent tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
Ferritin was almost undetectable in untreated bean nodules.
Verbatim
e7“Ferritin was almost undetectable in untreated bean nodules, but accumulated in the plastids and amyloplasts of uninfected interstitial and parenchyma cells following 2 or 4 d of nitrate treatment, probably as a response to oxidative stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Ferritin accumulated in plastids and amyloplasts of uninfected interstitial and parenchyma cells of bean nodules after 2 or 4 d of nitrate treatment.
Verbatim
e7“Ferritin was almost undetectable in untreated bean nodules, but accumulated in the plastids and amyloplasts of uninfected interstitial and parenchyma cells following 2 or 4 d of nitrate treatment, probably as a response to oxidative stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Ferritin accumulation in bean nodules is probably a response to oxidative stress.
Verbatim
e7“Ferritin was almost undetectable in untreated bean nodules, but accumulated in the plastids and amyloplasts of uninfected interstitial and parenchyma cells following 2 or 4 d of nitrate treatment, probably as a response to oxidative stress”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · molecular: metabolites · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results differ
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
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