Abstract
Germination responses of wild-type (MM), abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient (sitw), and gibberellin (GA)-deficient (gib-1) mutant tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv Moneymaker) seeds to ABA, GA4+7, reduced water potential ([psi]), and their combinations were analyzed using a population-based threshold model (B.R. Ni and K.J. Bradford [1992] Plant Physiol 98: 1057-1068). Among the three genotypes, sitw seeds germinated rapidly and completely in water, MM seeds germinated more slowly and were partially dormant, and gib-1 seeds did not germinate without exogenous GA4+7. Times to germination were inversely proportional to the differences between the external osmoticum, ABA, or GA4+7 concentrations and the corresponding threshold levels that would either prevent ([psi]b, log[ABAb]) or promote (log[GAb]) germination. The sensitivity of germination to ABA, GA4+7, and [psi] varied widely among individual seeds in the population, resulting in a distribution of germination times. The rapid germination rate of sitw seeds was attributable to their low mean [psi]b (-1.17 MPa). Postharvest dormancy in MM seeds was due to a high mean [psi]b (-0.35 MPa) and a distribution of [psi]b among seeds such that some seeds were unable to germinate even on water. GA4+7 (100 [mu]M) stimulated germination of MM and gib-1 seeds by lowering the mean [psi]b to -0.75 MPa, whereas ABA inhibited germination of MM and sitw seeds by increasing the mean [psi]b. The changes in [psi]b were not due to changes in embryo osmotic potential. Rather, hormonal effects on endosperm weakening opposite the radicle tip apparently determine the threshold [psi] for germination. The analysis demonstrates that ABA- and GA-dependent changes in seed dormancy and germination rates, whether due to endogenous or exogenous growth regulators, are based primarily upon corresponding shifts in the [psi] thresholds for radicle emergence. The [psi] thresholds, in turn, determine both the rate and final extent of germination within the seed population.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
sitw tomato seeds germinated rapidly and completely in water.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Material
- sitwe0
- Outcome
- germinated rapidly and completelye0
- Setting
- in watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sitw seeds germinated rapidly and completely in water”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
MM tomato seeds germinated more slowly and were partially dormant.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- MMe0
- Outcome
- germinated more slowly and were partially dormante0
- Direction
- more slowlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MM seeds germinated more slowly and were partially dormant”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
gib-1 tomato seeds did not germinate without exogenous GA4+7.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- gib-1e0
- Outcome
- did not germinatee0
- Qualifier
- without exogenous GA4+7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gib-1 seeds did not germinate without exogenous GA4+7”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination times were inversely proportional to the differences between external concentrations and germination thresholds.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- Times to germinatione0
- Direction
- inversely proportionale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Times to germination were inversely proportional to the differences between the external osmoticum, ABA, or GA4+7 concentrations and the corresponding threshold levels”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Sensitivity of tomato seed germination to ABA, GA4+7 and water potential varied widely among seeds.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- sensitivity of germinatione0
- Direction
- varied widelye0
- Qualifier
- among individual seeds in the populatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The sensitivity of germination to ABA, GA4+7, and [psi] varied widely among individual seeds in the population, resulting in a distribution of germination times.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Rapid germination of sitw seeds was attributed to low mean water potential threshold of -1.17 MPa.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- sitwe0
- Outcome
- rapid germination ratee0
- Value
- -1.17 MPae0
- Qualifier
- low mean [psi]be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rapid germination rate of sitw seeds was attributable to their low mean [psi]b (-1.17 MPa).”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
MM postharvest dormancy was attributed to a high mean water potential threshold of -0.35 MPa and its distribution among seeds.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- MMe0
- Outcome
- Postharvest dormancye0
- Value
- -0.35 MPae0
- Qualifier
- a high mean [psi]be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Postharvest dormancy in MM seeds was due to a high mean [psi]b (-0.35 MPa) and a distribution of [psi]b among seeds such that some seeds were unable to germinate even on water.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
GA4+7 stimulated MM and gib-1 seed germination by lowering mean water potential threshold to -0.75 MPa.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GA4+7 (100 [mu]M)e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Value
- -0.75 MPae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA4+7 (100 [mu]M) stimulated germination of MM and gib-1 seeds by lowering the mean [psi]b to -0.75 MPa”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA inhibited germination of MM and sitw seeds by increasing mean water potential threshold.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA inhibited germination of MM and sitw seeds by increasing the mean [psi]b”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in water potential threshold were not due to embryo osmotic potential changes.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- changes in [psi]be0
- Qualifier
- not due to changes in embryo osmotic potentiale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The changes in [psi]b were not due to changes in embryo osmotic potential.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Hormonal effects on endosperm weakening apparently determine germination water potential threshold.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- threshold [psi] for germinatione0
- Qualifier
- hormonal effects on endosperm weakening opposite the radicle tipe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hormonal effects on endosperm weakening opposite the radicle tip apparently determine the threshold [psi] for germination”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA- and GA-dependent dormancy and germination rates were based primarily on shifts in water potential thresholds for radicle emergence.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- seed dormancy and germination ratese0
- Qualifier
- shifts in the [psi] thresholds for radicle emergencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA- and GA-dependent changes in seed dormancy and germination rates, whether due to endogenous or exogenous growth regulators, are based primarily upon corresponding shifts in the [psi] thresholds for radicle emergence”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Water potential thresholds determined both rate and final extent of seed germination.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- rate and final extent of germinatione0
- Qualifier
- [psi] thresholdse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The [psi] thresholds, in turn, determine both the rate and final extent of germination within the seed population.”
t0“Tomato”
The same questions in other papers
(+)-abscisic acid · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.