Abstract
An intracellular signaling pathway for activating plant defense genes against attacking herbivores and pathogens is mediated by a lipid-based signal transduction cascade. In this pathway, linolenic acid (18:3) is proposed to be liberated from cell membranes and is converted to cyclopentanones that are involved in transcriptional regulation of defense genes, analogously to prostaglandin synthesis and function in animals. Levels of 18:3 and linoleic acid in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) leaves increased within 1 h when the leaves were wounded with a hemostat across the main vein to simulate herbivore attacks. The increase correlated with the time course of accumulation of jasmonic acid, a cyclopentanone product of 18:3, that had previously been shown to increase in leaves in response both to wounding and to elicitors of plant defense genes. One hour after wounding, at least a 15-fold excess of 18:3 was found over that required to account for the levels of newly synthesized jasmonic acid. The free fatty acids in both control and wounded leaves accounted for less than 0.25% of the total fatty acids. However, the total lipid contents of the leaves remained relatively unchanged up to 8 h after wounding, indicating that extensive loss of lipids did not occur, although a gradual decrease in polar lipids was observed, mainly in monogalactosyl diacylglycerol of chloroplast lipids. The data support a role for lipid release as a key step in the signaling events that activate defense genes in tomato leaves in response to wounding by attacking herbivores.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Wounding increased tomato leaf 18:3 and linoleic acid within 1 h.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- wounded with a hemostat across the main veine0
- Outcome
- Levels of 18:3 and linoleic acide0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Levels of 18:3 and linoleic acid in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) leaves increased within 1 h when the leaves were wounded with a hemostat across the main vein”
Claim · model-written summary
The fatty-acid increase correlated with jasmonic-acid accumulation.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- jasmonic acide0
- Outcome
- accumulation of jasmonic acide0
- Qualifier
- time coursee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase correlated with the time course of accumulation of jasmonic acid”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1 h after wounding, 18:3 exceeded the amount required for newly synthesized jasmonic acid by at least 15-fold.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- excess of 18:3e0
- Direction
- excesse0
- Value
- 15-folde0
- Qualifier
- One hour after woundinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“One hour after wounding, at least a 15-fold excess of 18:3 was found over that required to account for the levels of newly synthesized jasmonic acid.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Free fatty acids represented less than 0.25% of total fatty acids in control and wounded leaves.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- free fatty acidse0
- Value
- less than 0.25%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The free fatty acids in both control and wounded leaves accounted for less than 0.25% of the total fatty acids.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Total leaf lipid content remained relatively unchanged up to 8 h after wounding.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- woundinge0
- Outcome
- total lipid contents of the leavese0
- Direction
- relatively unchangede0
- Value
- 8 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the total lipid contents of the leaves remained relatively unchanged up to 8 h after wounding”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Polar lipids gradually decreased, mainly monogalactosyl diacylglycerol.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- polar lipidse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- mainly in monogalactosyl diacylglycerole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a gradual decrease in polar lipids was observed, mainly in monogalactosyl diacylglycerol of chloroplast lipids.”
t0“Tomato”
The same questions in other papers
mechanical · molecular: metabolites · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
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- positive
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See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.