Abstract
A field experiment was conducted from 2006 to 2008 to study the effect of four sowing methods namely raised bed planting (67.5 cm wide, 2 rows per bed), raised broad bed planting (135 cm wide, 4 rows per bed), ridge-fur- row sowing (60 cm spacing) and flat sowing (45 cm spacing) and three seeding rates i.e. 50, 62.5 and 75 kg/ha in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. The highest photosynthetically active radiation interception (PARI) and net re- turns were recorded in raised bed planting. The highest seed yields was recorded in raised bed sowing, which was 6.70 and 5.29% higher than ridge-furrow and flat sowing methods, respectively. The highest water productiv- ity was recorded in raised broad bed sowing which was significantly higher than flat sowing and ridge-furrow sow- ing methods but statistically on par with raised bed sowing. Seed rate of 50 kg/ha recorded highest crop growth rate (CGR) and pods per plant whereas the highest PARI was observed with 75 kg/ha seed rate, which was statis- tically on par with 62.5 kg/ha seed rate but significantly higher than 50 kg seed/ha. The soybean productivity and net returns were highest with 62.5 kg/ha seed rate.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Raised bed planting gave the highest photosynthetically active radiation interception (PARI).
- Taxon
- Glycine max (L.) Merrill
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- raised bed plantinge2
- Outcome
- photosynthetically active radiation interception (PARI)e2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Setting
- Punjabt0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max) growth, productivity and water use under different sowing methods and seeding rates in Punjab”
e2“The highest photosynthetically active radiation interception (PARI) and net re- turns were recorded in raised bed planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised bed planting gave the highest net returns.
- Taxon
- Glycine max (L.) MerrillGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- raised bed plantinge2
- Outcome
- net re- turnse2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Setting
- Punjabt0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max) growth, productivity and water use under different sowing methods and seeding rates in Punjab”
e2“The highest photosynthetically active radiation interception (PARI) and net re- turns were recorded in raised bed planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised bed sowing gave higher seed yield than ridge-furrow sowing, by 6.70.
- Taxon
- Glycine max (L.) MerrillGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- raised bed sowinge3
- Outcome
- seed yieldse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 6.70e3
- Comparator
- ridge-furrowe3
- Setting
- Punjabt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max) growth, productivity and water use under different sowing methods and seeding rates in Punjab”
e3“The highest seed yields was recorded in raised bed sowing, which was 6.70 and 5.29% higher than ridge-furrow and flat sowing methods, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised bed sowing gave higher seed yield than flat sowing, by 5.29%.
- Taxon
- Glycine max (L.) MerrillGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- raised bed sowinge3
- Outcome
- seed yieldse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 5.29%e3
- Comparator
- flat sowing methodse3
- Setting
- Punjabt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max) growth, productivity and water use under different sowing methods and seeding rates in Punjab”
e3“The highest seed yields was recorded in raised bed sowing, which was 6.70 and 5.29% higher than ridge-furrow and flat sowing methods, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised broad bed sowing gave significantly higher water productivity than flat sowing.
- Taxon
- Glycine max (L.) MerrillGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- raised broad bed sowinge4
- Outcome
- water productiv- itye4
- Direction
- significantly highere4
- Comparator
- flat sowinge4
- Setting
- Punjabt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max) growth, productivity and water use under different sowing methods and seeding rates in Punjab”
e4“The highest water productiv- ity was recorded in raised broad bed sowing which was significantly higher than flat sowing and ridge-furrow sow- ing methods but statistically on par with raised bed sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised broad bed sowing gave water productivity statistically on par with raised bed sowing.
- Taxon
- Glycine max (L.) MerrillGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- raised broad bed sowinge4
- Outcome
- water productiv- itye4
- Direction
- on pare4
- Comparator
- raised bed sowinge4
- Setting
- Punjabt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max) growth, productivity and water use under different sowing methods and seeding rates in Punjab”
e4“The highest water productiv- ity was recorded in raised broad bed sowing which was significantly higher than flat sowing and ridge-furrow sow- ing methods but statistically on par with raised bed sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
A seeding rate of 50 kg/ha gave the highest crop growth rate and pods per plant.
- Taxon
- Glycine max (L.) MerrillGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Seed rate of 50 kg/hae5
- Outcome
- crop growth rate (CGR) and pods per plante5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Setting
- Punjabt0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max) growth, productivity and water use under different sowing methods and seeding rates in Punjab”
e5“Seed rate of 50 kg/ha recorded highest crop growth rate (CGR) and pods per plant”
Claim · model-written summary
A seeding rate of 75 kg/ha gave the highest PARI.
- Taxon
- Glycine max (L.) MerrillGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- 75 kg/ha seed ratee6
- Outcome
- PARIe6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Setting
- Punjabt0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max) growth, productivity and water use under different sowing methods and seeding rates in Punjab”
e6“the highest PARI was observed with 75 kg/ha seed rate”
Claim · model-written summary
PARI at 75 kg/ha seed rate was statistically on par with 62.5 kg/ha seed rate.
- Taxon
- Glycine max (L.) MerrillGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- 75 kg/ha seed ratee6
- Outcome
- PARIe6
- Direction
- on pare7
- Comparator
- 62.5 kg/ha seed ratee7
- Setting
- Punjabt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max) growth, productivity and water use under different sowing methods and seeding rates in Punjab”
e6“the highest PARI was observed with 75 kg/ha seed rate”
e7“on par with 62.5 kg/ha seed rate”
Claim · model-written summary
PARI at 75 kg/ha seed rate was significantly higher than at 50 kg seed/ha.
- Taxon
- Glycine max (L.) MerrillGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- 75 kg/ha seed ratee6
- Outcome
- PARIe6
- Direction
- significantly highere7
- Comparator
- 50 kg seed/hae7
- Setting
- Punjabt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max) growth, productivity and water use under different sowing methods and seeding rates in Punjab”
e6“the highest PARI was observed with 75 kg/ha seed rate”
e7“but significantly higher than 50 kg seed/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
A seeding rate of 62.5 kg/ha gave the highest soybean productivity and net returns.
- Taxon
- Glycine max (L.) MerrillGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- 62.5 kg/ha seed ratee2
- Outcome
- soybean productivity and net returnse2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Setting
- Punjabt0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max) growth, productivity and water use under different sowing methods and seeding rates in Punjab”
e2“The soybean productivity and net returns were highest with 62.5 kg/ha seed rate”
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