Abstract
Numbers and kinds of microflora were determined in 160 samples of barley grown in different regions of the United States; microflora were more abundant in the grains grown in the central states than in those grown in the western states. During steeping and germination in micromalting equipment, the number of colonies of filamentous fungi increased from two to five times, colonies of yeasts from five to ten times, and bacteria from 50 to more than 100 times the numbers present in the grain before malting. Kiln drying according to a commercial schedule reduced the number of all types of microflora below the number present before kilning, but all were present in larger numbers in the kilned malt than in the original grain. In barley stored at room temperature and at a moisture content of 15 to 18%, members of the Aspergillus glaucus group increased with increasing time and increasing moisture content, and germination percentage of the seeds decreased. Stored free of storage fungi at room temperature, barley with a moisture content just over 15% retained a high germination percentage for 5 months, but at a moisture content of 16% the germination decreased to zero.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Grain from central states had more microflora than grain from western states.
- Taxon
- Barley
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Hordeum vulgaret0 - Outcome
- microflorae0
- Direction
- more abundante0
- Comparator
- western statese0
- Setting
- central statese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“microflora were more abundant in the grains grown in the central states than in those grown in the western states.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Steeping and germination increased colonies of filamentous fungi two to five times.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- steeping and germination in micromalting equipmente0
- Interactor
- colonies of filamentous fungie0other
- Outcome
- colonies of filamentous fungie0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- two to five timese0
- Comparator
- grain before maltinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During steeping and germination in micromalting equipment, the number of colonies of filamentous fungi increased from two to five times, colonies of yeasts from five to ten times, and bacteria from 50 to more than 100 times the numbers present in the grain before malting.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Steeping and germination increased colonies of yeasts five to ten times.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- steeping and germination in micromalting equipmente0
- Interactor
- colonies of yeastse0other
- Outcome
- colonies of yeastse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- five to ten timese0
- Comparator
- grain before maltinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During steeping and germination in micromalting equipment, the number of colonies of filamentous fungi increased from two to five times, colonies of yeasts from five to ten times, and bacteria from 50 to more than 100 times the numbers present in the grain before malting.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Steeping and germination increased bacteria 50 to more than 100 times.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- steeping and germination in micromalting equipmente0
- Outcome
- bacteriae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 50 to more than 100 timese0
- Comparator
- grain before maltinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During steeping and germination in micromalting equipment, the number of colonies of filamentous fungi increased from two to five times, colonies of yeasts from five to ten times, and bacteria from 50 to more than 100 times the numbers present in the grain before malting.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Kiln drying reduced all types of microflora relative to before kilning.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Kiln dryinge0
- Outcome
- number of all types of microflorae0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- before kilninge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kiln drying according to a commercial schedule reduced the number of all types of microflora below the number present before kilning, but all were present in larger numbers in the kilned malt than in the original grain.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Kilned malt retained more microflora than original grain.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- all types of microflorae0
- Direction
- larger numberse0
- Comparator
- original graine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kiln drying according to a commercial schedule reduced the number of all types of microflora below the number present before kilning, but all were present in larger numbers in the kilned malt than in the original grain.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Aspergillus glaucus group increased with storage time and moisture.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus glaucus groupAspergillus glaucuse0other
- Outcome
- members of the Aspergillus glaucus groupe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- increasing time and increasing moisture contente0
- Setting
- room temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In barley stored at room temperature and at a moisture content of 15 to 18%, members of the Aspergillus glaucus group increased with increasing time and increasing moisture content, and germination percentage of the seeds decreased.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley seed germination decreased during moist storage.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- germination percentage of the seedse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- a moisture content of 15 to 18%e0
- Setting
- room temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In barley stored at room temperature and at a moisture content of 15 to 18%, members of the Aspergillus glaucus group increased with increasing time and increasing moisture content, and germination percentage of the seeds decreased.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley free of storage fungi just above 15% moisture retained high germination for five months.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- retained a highe0
- Value
- 5 monthse0
- Qualifier
- moisture content just over 15%e0
- Setting
- room temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stored free of storage fungi at room temperature, barley with a moisture content just over 15% retained a high germination percentage for 5 months, but at a moisture content of 16% the germination decreased to zero.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
At 16% moisture, barley germination fell to zero.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- zeroe0
- Qualifier
- moisture content of 16%e0
- Setting
- room temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stored free of storage fungi at room temperature, barley with a moisture content just over 15% retained a high germination percentage for 5 months, but at a moisture content of 16% the germination decreased to zero.”
t0“Barley”
The same questions in other papers
processing · pest · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
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3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.