Abstract
Two separate studies involving selected pre-emergent herbicides, post-emergent herbicides and mechanical control of Parthenium at blooming stage under wasteland condition were made during late kharif 1977 to compare the effectiveness and economics of different control methods. Among the post-emergent herbicides, diquat (1,1’-ethylene-2,2’-dipyridylium bromide) at 0.5 kg/ha caused cent per cent mortality by 15th day, while other herbicides like MSMA (Mono sodium methane arsonate) at 2.61 kg/ha, glyphosate [N-(phosphono methyl) glycine] at 0.9 kg/ha, 2,4-D sodium salt (sodium salt of 2,4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid) at 6.0 kg/ha, 2, 4-D amine salt (5.4 kg/ha), dicamba (2-methoxy-3, 6-dichlorobenzoic acid) at 2.05 kg/ha and picloram (4-amino-3, 5, 6-trichloropiColinic acid) at 1.61 kg/ha, caused 98 to 100% mortality by 45th day after spraying. 2, 4-D compounds were slightly slower in causing mortality of the weed. All herbicides reduced dry weight of the weed considerably. The fresh weed emergence count made upto 90 days after complete mortality of the weed indicated that picloram had the least weed count (1/sq. m), followed by dicamba (7) and 2, 4-D compounds (22–24). While it was high in MSMA, glyphosate and diquat (254 to 362/sq. m.) sprayed plots. The weed count in the control plot was 676/sq. m. Cutting the weed to the ground level caused only 20% mortality. Uprooting of the weed did not result in regrowth of the weed and there were innumerable fresh sprouts. Among the pre emergent herbicides, atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethyl amino-6-isopropylamine s-triazine) at 1.25 to 1.4 kg/ha, terbutryne (2-methylthio-4-ethyl amino-6-ter-butyl amino s-triazine) at 6.0 kg/ha and RH 8817 (coded product, 2.8 to 5.8 lit/ha of commercial formulation) were most effective in preventing the weed emergence upto 150 days after spraying followed by 2,4-D amine salt (2.8 to 5.0 kg/ha) and 2, 4-D Na salt (2.8 to 4.0 kg/ha). 2, 4-D slow release (1.4 to 2.8 kg/ha) was not so effective as compared to other 2, 4-D compounds. However, this needs confirmation. The study indicated utility of pre and post-emergent herbicides application in succession for better control of the weed under wasteland condition to a reasonable period of time. The herbicides proved economical than mechanical methods.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Diquat at 0.5 kg/ha caused complete mortality by day 15.
- Taxon
- Parthenium hysterophorus
Parthenium hysterophorust0 - Treatment
- diquat (1,1’-ethylene-2,2’-dipyridylium bromide) at 0.5 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- cent per cente0
- Qualifier
- by 15th daye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diquat (1,1’-ethylene-2,2’-dipyridylium bromide) at 0.5 kg/ha caused cent per cent mortality by 15th day”
t0“Parthenium hysterophorus”
Claim · model-written summary
Other listed post-emergent herbicides caused 98 to 100% mortality by day 45.
- Taxon
- Parthenium hysterophorusParthenium hysterophorust0
- Treatment
- MSMA (Mono sodium methane arsonate) at 2.61 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- causede0
- Value
- 98 to 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MSMA (Mono sodium methane arsonate) at 2.61 kg/ha, glyphosate [N-(phosphono methyl) glycine] at 0.9 kg/ha, 2,4-D sodium salt (sodium salt of 2,4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid) at 6.0 kg/ha, 2, 4-D amine salt (5.4 kg/ha), dicamba (2-methoxy-3, 6-dichlorobenzoic acid) at 2.05 kg/ha and picloram (4-amino-3, 5, 6-trichloropiColinic acid) at 1.61 kg/ha, caused 98 to 100% mortality by 45th day after spraying”
t0“Parthenium hysterophorus”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D compounds caused mortality slightly more slowly.
- Taxon
- Parthenium hysterophorusParthenium hysterophorust0
- Outcome
- mortality of the weede0
- Direction
- slightly slowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2, 4-D compounds were slightly slower in causing mortality of the weed”
t0“Parthenium hysterophorus”
Claim · model-written summary
All herbicides considerably reduced weed dry weight.
- Taxon
- Parthenium hysterophorusParthenium hysterophorust0
- Treatment
- All herbicidese0
- Outcome
- dry weight of the weede0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All herbicides reduced dry weight of the weed considerably”
t0“Parthenium hysterophorus”
Claim · model-written summary
Picloram plots had the least new weed emergence, 1/sq. m.
- Taxon
- Parthenium hysterophorusParthenium hysterophorust0
- Treatment
- piclorame0
- Outcome
- weed counte0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Value
- 1/sq. me0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“picloram had the least weed count (1/sq. m)”
t0“Parthenium hysterophorus”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated plots had 676 new weeds per square metre.
- Taxon
- Parthenium hysterophorusParthenium hysterophorust0
- Outcome
- weed counte0
- Value
- 676/sq. me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The weed count in the control plot was 676/sq. m”
t0“Parthenium hysterophorus”
Claim · model-written summary
Cutting weeds to ground level caused only 20% mortality.
- Taxon
- Parthenium hysterophorusParthenium hysterophorust0
- Treatment
- Cutting the weed to the ground levele0
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- onlye0
- Value
- 20%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cutting the weed to the ground level caused only 20% mortality”
t0“Parthenium hysterophorus”
Claim · model-written summary
Uprooted weeds did not regrow.
- Taxon
- Parthenium hysterophorusParthenium hysterophorust0
- Treatment
- Uprooting of the weede0
- Outcome
- regrowth of the weede0
- Direction
- did not resulte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Uprooting of the weed did not result in regrowth of the weed”
t0“Parthenium hysterophorus”
Claim · model-written summary
Uprooting was followed by innumerable fresh sprouts.
- Taxon
- Parthenium hysterophorusParthenium hysterophorust0
- Treatment
- Uprooting of the weede1
- Outcome
- innumerable fresh sproutse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were innumerable fresh sprouts”
e1“Uprooting of the weed”
t0“Parthenium hysterophorus”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine, terbutryne and RH 8817 were most effective at preventing emergence for 150 days.
- Taxon
- Parthenium hysterophorusParthenium hysterophorust0
- Treatment
- atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethyl amino-6-isopropylamine s-triazine) at 1.25 to 1.4 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- weed emergencee0
- Direction
- most effective in preventinge0
- Qualifier
- upto 150 days after sprayinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethyl amino-6-isopropylamine s-triazine) at 1.25 to 1.4 kg/ha, terbutryne (2-methylthio-4-ethyl amino-6-ter-butyl amino s-triazine) at 6.0 kg/ha and RH 8817 (coded product, 2.8 to 5.8 lit/ha of commercial formulation) were most effective in preventing the weed emergence upto 150 days after spraying”
t0“Parthenium hysterophorus”
Claim · model-written summary
Slow-release 2,4-D was less effective than other 2,4-D compounds, pending confirmation.
- Taxon
- Parthenium hysterophorusParthenium hysterophorust0
- Treatment
- 2, 4-D slow release (1.4 to 2.8 kg/ha)e0
- Outcome
- not so effectivee0
- Direction
- not so effectivee0
- Qualifier
- this needs confirmatione0
- Comparator
- other 2, 4-D compoundse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2, 4-D slow release (1.4 to 2.8 kg/ha) was not so effective as compared to other 2, 4-D compounds. However, this needs confirmation”
t0“Parthenium hysterophorus”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended successive pre- and post-emergent herbicide applications for sustained control.
- Taxon
- Parthenium hysterophorusParthenium hysterophorust0
- Outcome
- pre and post-emergent herbicides application in succession for better control of the weede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“utility of pre and post-emergent herbicides application in succession for better control of the weed under wasteland condition to a reasonable period of time”
t0“Parthenium hysterophorus”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides were more economical than mechanical control.
- Taxon
- Parthenium hysterophorusParthenium hysterophorust0
- Outcome
- economicale0
- Direction
- economicale0
- Comparator
- mechanical methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The herbicides proved economical than mechanical methods”
t0“Parthenium hysterophorus”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · weed · Parthenium hysterophorusPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.