Abstract
There are new trends in agriculture to move toward the low input systems with the lower application of chemical fertilizers. To reach this goal, different methods, such as the application of biofertilizers, may be used. So this experiment was conducted in 2010 at a research farm in Arak, Iran, in factorial in the form of a randomize d complete block design with three replications and four factors: animal manure (M), Pseudomonas pu tida (P), Azotobacter chroococcum (A) and Azospirillum lipoferum (Z). Results indicated tmanure significantly affected grain yield (P≤0.01); the highest grain yield was achieved in the interaction of manure ◊ Azotobacter ◊ Pseudomonas (4.556 ton/ha). Grain yield was not sig nificantly affected by the microorganisms. Moreover, the four factors of the experiment signif icantly affected auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin content of plant. Overall, this experimen t indicated that desirable yield can be achieved by the application of manure and biofertil izers, in a sustainable agriculture.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Animal manure significantly affected sunflower grain yield (P≤0.01).
- Taxon
- Sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- animal manuree0
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Qualifier
- P≤0.01e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“animal manure (M), Pseudomonas pu tida (P), Azotobacter chroococcum (A) and Azospirillum lipoferum (Z)”
e1“Results indicated tmanure significantly affected grain yield (P≤0.01)”
t0“Response of Sunflower Yield and Phytohormonal Changes to Azotobacter , Azospirillum , Pseudomonas and Animal Manure in a Chemical Free Agroecosystem”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest sunflower grain yield, 4.556 ton/ha, was achieved with manure, Azotobacter and Pseudomonas together.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- manure ◊ Azotobacter ◊ Pseudomonase2
- Interactor
- Azotobacter
Azotobactere0symbiont - Second interactor
- Pseudomonas
Pseudomonase0symbiont - Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 4.556 ton/hae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“animal manure (M), Pseudomonas pu tida (P), Azotobacter chroococcum (A) and Azospirillum lipoferum (Z)”
e2“the highest grain yield was achieved in the interaction of manure ◊ Azotobacter ◊ Pseudomonas (4.556 ton/ha)”
t0“Response of Sunflower Yield and Phytohormonal Changes to Azotobacter , Azospirillum , Pseudomonas and Animal Manure in a Chemical Free Agroecosystem”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was not significantly affected by the microorganisms.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- microorganismse3
- Outcome
- Grain yielde3
- Direction
- not sig nificantly affectede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Grain yield was not sig nificantly affected by the microorganisms”
t0“Response of Sunflower Yield and Phytohormonal Changes to Azotobacter , Azospirillum , Pseudomonas and Animal Manure in a Chemical Free Agroecosystem”
Claim · model-written summary
The four factors of the experiment significantly affected auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin content of sunflower.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- the four factors of the experimente4
- Outcome
- auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin contente4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Moreover, the four factors of the experiment signif icantly affected auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin content of plant”
t0“Response of Sunflower Yield and Phytohormonal Changes to Azotobacter , Azospirillum , Pseudomonas and Animal Manure in a Chemical Free Agroecosystem”
Claim · model-written summary
Desirable sunflower yield can be achieved by applying manure and biofertilizers in sustainable agriculture.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- application of manure and biofertilizerse5
- Outcome
- desirable yielde5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Overall, this experimen t indicated that desirable yield can be achieved by the application of manure and biofertil izers, in a sustainable agriculture”
t0“Response of Sunflower Yield and Phytohormonal Changes to Azotobacter , Azospirillum , Pseudomonas and Animal Manure in a Chemical Free Agroecosystem”
The same questions in other papers
Pseudomonas · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
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- positive
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Azotobacter · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
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- positive
- positive
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See all 11 papers →inoculation · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 48 in the opposite direction
- positive
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See all 55 papers →fertilization · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
343 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
361 papers more in this group
See all 365 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.