Abstract
ABSTRACT Freshly harvested sunflower (Heliarthus annuus L.) seeds germinated poorly, with a temperature optimum close to 25 °C. The inability to germinate at high temperatures (25 to 40°C) resulted principally from a seed-coat imposed dormancy, whereas poor germination at temperatures below 25 °C was mainly due to an embryo dormancy. Dry storage greatly improved germination at temperatures ranging from 5 to 40°C, by eliminating both the seed-coat imposed and the embryo dormancy. A too high temperature (45°C) always completely inhibited germination and rapidly induced a secondary dormancy which was broken by redrying and dry storage of the seeds. The depth of embryo dormancy varied during the development of the seeds. It was low in very immature embryos, but increased and then decreased during desiccation of the seeds on the mother plants. Ethylene and its immediate precursor (1-aminocyclopropane-l-car- boxylic acid) strongly stimulated germination of primary dormant seeds. On the contrary, inhibitors of e...
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Freshly harvested sunflower seeds germinated poorly with an optimum near 25 °C.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- germinated poorlye0
- Value
- 25 °Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Freshly harvested sunflower (Heliarthus annuus L.) seeds germinated poorly, with a temperature optimum close to 25 °C”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25 to 40°C, seed coat dormancy principally prevented germination.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- inability to germinatee0
- Value
- 25 to 40°Ce0
- Qualifier
- seed-coat imposed dormancye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inability to germinate at high temperatures (25 to 40°C) resulted principally from a seed-coat imposed dormancy”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Below 25 °C, embryo dormancy mainly caused poor germination.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- poor germinatione0
- Value
- 25 °Ce0
- Qualifier
- embryo dormancye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“poor germination at temperatures below 25 °C was mainly due to an embryo dormancy”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry storage greatly improved germination from 5 to 40°C.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Dry storagee0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 5 to 40°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry storage greatly improved germination at temperatures ranging from 5 to 40°C”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry storage eliminated seed-coat and embryo dormancy.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Dry storagee0
- Outcome
- seed-coat imposed and the embryo dormancye0
- Direction
- eliminatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry storage greatly improved germination at temperatures ranging from 5 to 40°C, by eliminating both the seed-coat imposed and the embryo dormancy”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
45°C completely inhibited germination.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 45°Ce0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A too high temperature (45°C) always completely inhibited germination”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
45°C rapidly induced secondary dormancy.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 45°Ce0
- Outcome
- secondary dormancye0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A too high temperature (45°C) always completely inhibited germination and rapidly induced a secondary dormancy”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Redrying and dry storage broke secondary dormancy.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- redrying and dry storagee0
- Outcome
- secondary dormancye0
- Direction
- brokene0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“secondary dormancy which was broken by redrying and dry storage of the seeds”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryo dormancy was low when embryos were very immature.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- very immature embryose0
- Outcome
- lowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was low in very immature embryos”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryo dormancy increased and then decreased during desiccation on mother plants.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- increased and then decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased and then decreased during desiccation of the seeds on the mother plants”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene strongly stimulated germination of primary dormant seeds.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Ethylenee0
- Outcome
- germination of primary dormant seedse0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene and its immediate precursor (1-aminocyclopropane-l-car- boxylic acid) strongly stimulated germination of primary dormant seeds”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The immediate ethylene precursor strongly stimulated germination of primary dormant seeds.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 1-aminocyclopropane-l-car- boxylic acide0
- Outcome
- germination of primary dormant seedse0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene and its immediate precursor (1-aminocyclopropane-l-car- boxylic acid) strongly stimulated germination of primary dormant seeds”
t0“Sunflower”
The same questions in other papers
ethene · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
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- positive
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14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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See all 24 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.