Abstract
Inhibition of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit ripening by exogenously applied ethanol was shown to be caused by elevated endogenous levels of acetaldehyde (AA). Exposure of excised pericarp discs of mature-green tomato fruit to ethanol or AA vapors produced elevated levels of both compounds in the tissue, but only the levels of AA were associated with ripening inhibition. Ripening inhibition was dependent on both the applied concentration and the duration of exposure. Discs treated with inhibitory levels of AA had levels of ethanol that were elevated but below that associated with inhibition of ripening. The in vivo activity of alcohol dehydrogenase was inhibited 40 to 60% by 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP), a competitive inhibitor of this enzyme. The inhibitory effect of ethanol on ripening was reduced by the simultaneous application of 4-MP. Tissue treated with 4-MP plus AA vapors had higher endogenous levels of AA and ripening was inhibited longer than in tissue without 4-MP. The tissue AA level resulting from ethanol or AA application appears to be the critical determinant of ripening inhibition.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated acetaldehyde caused ethanol-induced tomato fruit ripening inhibition.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- fruite0
- Treatment
- exogenously applied ethanole0
- Compound
- acetaldehyde (AA)e0
- Outcome
- fruit ripeninge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibition of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit ripening by exogenously applied ethanol was shown to be caused by elevated endogenous levels of acetaldehyde (AA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol vapor elevated both ethanol and acetaldehyde in pericarp discs.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- excised pericarp discs of mature-green tomato fruite0
- Treatment
- ethanole0
- Outcome
- elevated levels of both compoundse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure of excised pericarp discs of mature-green tomato fruit to ethanol or AA vapors produced elevated levels of both compounds in the tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetaldehyde vapor elevated both ethanol and acetaldehyde in pericarp discs.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- AA vaporse0
- Outcome
- elevated levels of both compoundse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure of excised pericarp discs of mature-green tomato fruit to ethanol or AA vapors produced elevated levels of both compounds in the tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
Only acetaldehyde level was associated with ripening inhibition.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- AAe0
- Outcome
- ripening inhibitione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only the levels of AA were associated with ripening inhibition”
t0“Tomato Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Ripening inhibition depended on applied concentration.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- applied concentratione0
- Outcome
- Ripening inhibitione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ripening inhibition was dependent on both the applied concentration and the duration of exposure”
t0“Tomato Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Ripening inhibition depended on exposure duration.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- duration of exposuree0
- Outcome
- Ripening inhibitione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ripening inhibition was dependent on both the applied concentration and the duration of exposure”
t0“Tomato Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibitory acetaldehyde doses elevated ethanol below its ripening-inhibitory level.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- inhibitory levels of AAe0
- Outcome
- levels of ethanole0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Qualifier
- below that associated with inhibition of ripeninge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Discs treated with inhibitory levels of AA had levels of ethanol that were elevated but below that associated with inhibition of ripening”
t0“Tomato Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
4-methylpyrazole inhibited in vivo alcohol dehydrogenase activity by 40 to 60%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP)e0
- Gene
- alcohol dehydrogenasee0
- Outcome
- in vivo activity of alcohol dehydrogenasee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 40 to 60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The in vivo activity of alcohol dehydrogenase was inhibited 40 to 60% by 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP)”
t0“Tomato Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous 4-MP application reduced the ripening inhibitory effect of ethanol.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- simultaneous application of 4-MPe0
- Outcome
- inhibitory effect of ethanol on ripeninge0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibitory effect of ethanol on ripening was reduced by the simultaneous application of 4-MP”
t0“Tomato Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
4-MP plus acetaldehyde yielded higher endogenous acetaldehyde.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 4-MP plus AA vaporse0
- Outcome
- endogenous levels of AAe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- tissue without 4-MPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tissue treated with 4-MP plus AA vapors had higher endogenous levels of AA and ripening was inhibited longer than in tissue without 4-MP”
t0“Tomato Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
4-MP plus acetaldehyde inhibited ripening longer than acetaldehyde without 4-MP.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 4-MP plus AA vaporse0
- Outcome
- ripeninge0
- Direction
- inhibited longere0
- Comparator
- tissue without 4-MPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tissue treated with 4-MP plus AA vapors had higher endogenous levels of AA and ripening was inhibited longer than in tissue without 4-MP”
t0“Tomato Fruit”
The same questions in other papers
acetaldehyde · quality: postharvest · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.