Abstract
The release of acid from the aleurone layer and scutellum of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Himalaya) was investigated. Aleurone layers isolated from mature barley grains acidify the external medium by releasing organic and phosphoric acids. Gibberellic acid and abscisic acid stimulate acid release 2-fold over control tissue incubated in 10 mM CACl2. Gibberellic acid causes medium acidification by stimulating the release of phosphoric and citric acids, whereas abscisic acid stimulates the release of malic acid. The accumulation of these acids in the incubation medium buffers the medium against changes in pH, particularly between pH 4 and 5. The amounts of amino acids that accumulate in the medium are low (2-12 nmol/layer) compared to other organic and phosphoric acids (100-500 nmol/layer). The scutellum does not play a major role in medium acidification but participates in the uptake of organic acids. The organic acid composition of the starchy endosperm changes after 3 d of imbibition; malic, succinic, and lactic acids decrease, whereas citric and phosphoric acids remain unchanged or increase. These results indicate that during postgerminative growth, the acidity of the starchy endosperm is maintained by acid production by the aleurone layer.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Isolated barley aleurone layers acidified the external medium by releasing organic and phosphoric acids.
- Taxon
- barley
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Hordeum vulgaree1 - Organ / stage
- Aleurone layerse1
- Outcome
- acidify the external medium by releasing organic and phosphoric acidse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Aleurone layers isolated from mature barley grains acidify the external medium by releasing organic and phosphoric acids”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid stimulated acid release from barley aleurone 2-fold over control tissue incubated in 10 mM CaCl2.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Gibberellic acide1
- Outcome
- acid releasee1
- Direction
- stimulatee1
- Value
- 2-folde1
- Comparator
- control tissue incubated in 10 mM CACl2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Gibberellic acid and abscisic acid stimulate acid release 2-fold over control tissue incubated in 10 mM CACl2”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscisic acid stimulated acid release from barley aleurone 2-fold over control tissue incubated in 10 mM CaCl2.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- abscisic acide1
- Outcome
- acid releasee1
- Direction
- stimulatee1
- Value
- 2-folde1
- Comparator
- control tissue incubated in 10 mM CACl2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Gibberellic acid and abscisic acid stimulate acid release 2-fold over control tissue incubated in 10 mM CACl2”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid caused medium acidification by stimulating release of phosphoric and citric acids from barley aleurone.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Gibberellic acide1
- Outcome
- release of phosphoric and citric acidse1
- Direction
- stimulatinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Gibberellic acid causes medium acidification by stimulating the release of phosphoric and citric acids”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscisic acid stimulated release of malic acid from barley aleurone.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- abscisic acide1
- Outcome
- release of malic acide1
- Direction
- stimulatese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“abscisic acid stimulates the release of malic acid”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Accumulation of these acids in the incubation medium buffered the medium against pH changes, particularly between pH 4 and 5.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- buffers the medium against changes in pHe1
- Qualifier
- particularly between pH 4 and 5e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The accumulation of these acids in the incubation medium buffers the medium against changes in pH, particularly between pH 4 and 5”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Amino acids accumulating in the medium were low (2-12 nmol/layer) compared with other organic and phosphoric acids (100-500 nmol/layer).
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- amounts of amino acids that accumulate in the mediume1
- Direction
- lowe1
- Value
- 2-12 nmol/layere1
- Qualifier
- 100-500 nmol/layere1
- Comparator
- other organic and phosphoric acidse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The amounts of amino acids that accumulate in the medium are low (2-12 nmol/layer) compared to other organic and phosphoric acids (100-500 nmol/layer)”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The barley scutellum does not play a major role in medium acidification.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- scutellume1
- Outcome
- does not play a major role in medium acidificatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The scutellum does not play a major role in medium acidification”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The barley scutellum participates in the uptake of organic acids.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- uptake of organic acidse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“participates in the uptake of organic acids”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
In the barley starchy endosperm after 3 d of imbibition, malic, succinic and lactic acids decreased.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- starchy endosperme1
- Outcome
- malic, succinic, and lactic acidse1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Qualifier
- after 3 d of imbibitione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The organic acid composition of the starchy endosperm changes after 3 d of imbibition; malic, succinic, and lactic acids decrease, whereas citric and phosphoric acids remain unchanged or increase”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
In the barley starchy endosperm after 3 d of imbibition, citric and phosphoric acids remained unchanged or increased.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- starchy endosperme1
- Outcome
- citric and phosphoric acidse1
- Direction
- remain unchanged or increasee1
- Qualifier
- after 3 d of imbibitione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The organic acid composition of the starchy endosperm changes after 3 d of imbibition; malic, succinic, and lactic acids decrease, whereas citric and phosphoric acids remain unchanged or increase”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that during postgerminative growth the acidity of the starchy endosperm is maintained by acid production by the aleurone layer.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- aleurone layere1
- Outcome
- acidity of the starchy endosperme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“during postgerminative growth, the acidity of the starchy endosperm is maintained by acid production by the aleurone layer”
t0“Barley”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · molecular: metabolites · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.