Abstract
Pearl millet [ Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is a staple grain crop in the arid and semiarid regions of Africa and India, and a new grain crop in the USA. A 2‐year field experiment was conducted near Mead, NE, in 1995 and 1996 on a Sharpsburg silty clay loam (fine, smectitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll) soil with approximately 29 g kg −1 organic matter, 35 kg ha −1 NO 3 –N, and pH of 6.0. The objective was to determine the influence of hybrid and N on grain yield, dry matter accumulation and partitioning, and growth rates throughout the growing season. Nitrogen concentrations, uptake, and use efficiency were also determined. Treatments were a factorial combination of the pearl millet dwarf hybrids (59022A × 89‐0083, 1011A × 086R, and 1361M × 6Rm) and N levels (0 and 78 kg ha −1 ) in a randomized complete block design. Two plants per plot were sampled at 2‐wk intervals and partitioned into plant parts, dried, weighed, and analyzed for N concentration. Applied N increased grain yield by 0.4 to 0.5 Mg ha −1 , but had only a small effect on dry matter accumulation and partitioning. Hybrid differences were small for grain yield. Pearl millet dry matter accumulation increased cubically in both years, with maximum crop growth rates among hybrids ranging from 0.48 to 0.57 g m −2 per growing degree day (GDD) in 1995 and ranging from 1.9 to 3.1 g m −2 GDD −1 maximum in 1996. The relative growth rate among hybrids declined from 0.012 to 0.020 g −1 m −2 GDD −1 in both years to near zero at physiological maturity. Nitrogen concentrations were higher during the vegetative stages and decreased with plant age. Applied N decreased N use efficiency for aboveground biomass (NUE 1 ) by 18 to 25 g DM g −1 N, and N use efficiency for grain (NUE 2 ) by 7 to 12 g grain g −1 N. Environmental variability due to years had a greater effect on yield, growth, and N levels than hybrid and applied N.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Applied nitrogen increased grain yield by 0.4 to 0.5 Mg ha −1.
- Taxon
- Pearl millet
Cenchrus americanust0 - Treatment
- Applied Ne0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.4 to 0.5 Mg ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applied N increased grain yield by 0.4 to 0.5 Mg ha −1”
t0“Pearl Millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied nitrogen had only a small effect on dry matter accumulation and partitioning.
- Taxon
- Pearl MilletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- Applied Ne1
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulation and partitioninge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but had only a small effect on dry matter accumulation and partitioning”
t0“Pearl Millet”
e1“Applied N increased grain yield by 0.4 to 0.5 Mg ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Hybrid differences in grain yield were small.
- Taxon
- Pearl MilletCenchrus americanust0
- Material
- Hybride0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- smalle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hybrid differences were small for grain yield”
t0“Pearl Millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Pearl millet dry matter accumulation increased cubically in both years.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- increased cubicallye0
- Qualifier
- in both yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pearl millet dry matter accumulation increased cubically in both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum crop growth rates among hybrids ranged from 0.48 to 0.57 g m −2 per growing degree day in 1995.
- Taxon
- Pearl MilletCenchrus americanust0
- Outcome
- crop growth ratese0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 0.48 to 0.57 g m −2 per growing degree daye0
- Qualifier
- in 1995e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum crop growth rates among hybrids ranging from 0.48 to 0.57 g m −2 per growing degree day (GDD) in 1995”
t0“Pearl Millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum crop growth rates among hybrids ranged from 1.9 to 3.1 g m −2 GDD −1 in 1996.
- Taxon
- Pearl MilletCenchrus americanust0
- Outcome
- crop growth ratese1
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1.9 to 3.1 g m −2 GDD −1e0
- Qualifier
- in 1996e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ranging from 1.9 to 3.1 g m −2 GDD −1 maximum in 1996”
t0“Pearl Millet”
e1“maximum crop growth rates among hybrids ranging from 0.48 to 0.57 g m −2 per growing degree day (GDD) in 1995”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative growth rate among hybrids declined to near zero at physiological maturity.
- Taxon
- Pearl MilletCenchrus americanust0
- Organ / stage
- physiological maturitye0
- Outcome
- relative growth ratee0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 0.012 to 0.020 g −1 m −2 GDD −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative growth rate among hybrids declined from 0.012 to 0.020 g −1 m −2 GDD −1 in both years to near zero at physiological maturity”
t0“Pearl Millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen concentrations were higher during vegetative stages and decreased with plant age.
- Taxon
- Pearl MilletCenchrus americanust0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative stagese0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen concentrations were higher during the vegetative stages and decreased with plant age”
t0“Pearl Millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied nitrogen decreased nitrogen use efficiency for aboveground biomass by 18 to 25 g DM g −1 N.
- Taxon
- Pearl MilletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- Applied Ne0
- Outcome
- N use efficiency for aboveground biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 18 to 25 g DM g −1 Ne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applied N decreased N use efficiency for aboveground biomass (NUE 1 ) by 18 to 25 g DM g −1 N”
t0“Pearl Millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied nitrogen decreased nitrogen use efficiency for grain by 7 to 12 g grain g −1 N.
- Taxon
- Pearl MilletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- Applied Ne1
- Outcome
- N use efficiency for graine0
- Value
- 7 to 12 g grain g −1 Ne0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and N use efficiency for grain (NUE 2 ) by 7 to 12 g grain g −1 N”
t0“Pearl Millet”
e1“Applied N increased grain yield by 0.4 to 0.5 Mg ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Yearly environmental variability had a greater effect on yield, growth and nitrogen levels than hybrid and applied nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Pearl MilletCenchrus americanust0
- Outcome
- yield, growth, and N levelse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- Environmental variability due to yearse0
- Comparator
- hybrid and applied Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Environmental variability due to years had a greater effect on yield, growth, and N levels than hybrid and applied N”
t0“Pearl Millet”
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