Paper · 1979 · Journal of Animal Science

Nitrogen Distribution in Corn Silage Treated with Varying Levels of Ammonia

J. T. Huber; J. Foldager; N. E. Smith

15
claims
15
verbatim quotes
40
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Whole corn plants (33% dry matter) were chopped and ensiled in laboratory silos of 9.1 kg each. Prior to ensiling, the material was mixed with 0, .51, 1.04, 1.44 and 1.99% ammonia (of dry matter) enriched with sufficient 1 5N as (NH4)2S04 to increase the 1 5N content of all treatments .1 atom percent (from .35 to .45% of the total nitrogen in silage). Samples from each treatment were immediately frozen as unfermented controls. After 126 days of fermentation, silos were opened and analyzed for nitrogen fraction and the 1 5N content of the fractions. Silages ranged from 32 to 34% dry matter. The pH was directly related to ammonia additions. Lactic acid increased with added ammonia up to 1.04% (dry matter basis) and decreased with the higher percentages of ammonia. Recovery of nitrogen added to silage was 95%. Total nitrogen (of dry matter) for the respective treatments was 1.28, 1.66, 2.04, 2.44 and 2.92%. In freshly chopped corn plants, 40% of the added ammonia was recovered as ammonia in the water-insoluble nitrogen fraction, which accounted for all of the increase in insoluble nitrogen in unfermented silage. After fermentation, insoluble nitrogen of the respective treatments was .71, .98, 1.11, 1.26 and 1.26% of dry matter. The 1 5N analyses showed that 28% of the added ammonia was recovered as insoluble nitrogen in fermented silage which accounted for only 59% of the total increase in insoluble nitrogen. The remainder of the increase in insoluble nitrogen (41%) could not be attributed to direct ammonia incorporation, and was presumably due to a decreased breakdown of plant protein caused by ammonia addition. Of the ammonia found in the insoluble nitrogen fraction, 80 to 90% remained as ammonia, and 10 to 20% was nonammonia nitrogen. Release of 1 5N from the insoluble nitrogen fraction by papain digestion suggests some incorporation of ammonia by silage microorganisms.

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Claims 15

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Silage dry matter ranged from 32 to 34%.

Outcome
dry mattere0
Direction
rangede0
Value
32 to 34%e0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“Silages ranged from 32 to 34% dry matter”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 555–595 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Silage pH rose with ammonia additions.

Treatment
ammonia additionse0
Outcome
pHe0

Not reportedTaxonDirection

Verbatim

e0

“The pH was directly related to ammonia additions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 597–645 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lactic acid rose with ammonia through 1.04%.

Treatment
added ammoniae0
Outcome
Lactic acide0
Direction
increasede0
Qualifier
up to 1.04% (dry matter basis)e0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Lactic acid increased with added ammonia up to 1.04% (dry matter basis)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 647–718 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lactic acid declined at higher ammonia percentages.

Treatment
higher percentages of ammoniae0
Outcome
Lactic acide0
Direction
decreasede0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Lactic acid increased with added ammonia up to 1.04% (dry matter basis) and decreased with the higher percentages of ammonia”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 647–771 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Recovery of added nitrogen was 95%.

Outcome
Recovery of nitrogen added to silagee0
Value
95%e0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“Recovery of nitrogen added to silage was 95%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 773–817 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Total nitrogen for five respective treatments was 1.28, 1.66, 2.04, 2.44, and 2.92%.

Outcome
Total nitrogen (of dry matter)e0
Value
1.28, 1.66, 2.04, 2.44 and 2.92%e0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“Total nitrogen (of dry matter) for the respective treatments was 1.28, 1.66, 2.04, 2.44 and 2.92%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 819–916 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Forty percent of added ammonia in fresh corn was recovered in insoluble nitrogen.

Outcome
added ammonia was recovered as ammonia in the water-insoluble nitrogen fractione0
Value
40%e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In freshly chopped corn plants, 40% of the added ammonia was recovered as ammonia in the water-insoluble nitrogen fraction”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 918–1040 · show in text ↑
Mechanismobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

That recovery accounted for all increased insoluble nitrogen in unfermented silage.

Outcome
increase in insoluble nitrogen in unfermented silagee0
Qualifier
alle0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“which accounted for all of the increase in insoluble nitrogen in unfermented silage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1042–1125 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Insoluble nitrogen after fermentation was .71, .98, 1.11, 1.26, and 1.26% across treatments.

Outcome
insoluble nitrogene0
Value
.71, .98, 1.11, 1.26 and 1.26% of dry mattere0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“After fermentation, insoluble nitrogen of the respective treatments was .71, .98, 1.11, 1.26 and 1.26% of dry matter”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1127–1243 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Twenty-eight percent of added ammonia was recovered as insoluble nitrogen after fermentation.

Outcome
added ammonia was recovered as insoluble nitrogen in fermented silagee0
Value
28%e0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“28% of the added ammonia was recovered as insoluble nitrogen in fermented silage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1275–1355 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Direct incorporation accounted for 59% of increased insoluble nitrogen.

Outcome
total increase in insoluble nitrogene0
Value
59%e0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“which accounted for only 59% of the total increase in insoluble nitrogen”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1356–1428 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The remaining 41% increase was attributed to reduced plant-protein breakdown.

Outcome
increase in insoluble nitrogene0
Value
41%e0
Qualifier
decreased breakdown of plant proteine0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“The remainder of the increase in insoluble nitrogen (41%) could not be attributed to direct ammonia incorporation, and was presumably due to a decreased breakdown of plant protein caused by ammonia addition”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1430–1636 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Eighty to ninety percent of ammonia in insoluble nitrogen remained ammonia.

Outcome
remained as ammoniae0
Value
80 to 90%e0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“80 to 90% remained as ammonia”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1695–1724 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Ten to twenty percent of ammonia in insoluble nitrogen was nonammonia nitrogen.

Outcome
nonammonia nitrogene0
Value
10 to 20%e0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“10 to 20% was nonammonia nitrogen”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1730–1763 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Papain digestion suggests microbial incorporation of ammonia.

Outcome
incorporation of ammonia by silage microorganismse0
Qualifier
papain digestione0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“Release of 1 5N from the insoluble nitrogen fraction by papain digestion suggests some incorporation of ammonia by silage microorganisms”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1765–1901 · show in text ↑