Abstract
A pot experiment was carried out in order to investigate the effect of deleterious concentration of copper and cadmium either individual or in combination on three cereal crops i.e. wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) after 2 and 4 weeks. The results showed that cadmium applied alone caused significant reduction in growth traits and photosynthesis (P< 0.05 or P <0.01). The effect was less pronounced when Cu applied alone or in combination with Cd+2. The same trends were also observed with leaf osmotic potential and relative water content under the same treatments. The stress associated protein, profiles in leaves at 14 kDa in wheat, 35 and 54 kDa in maize were disappeared, compared to others treatments, in response to 75 Cu, 150 Cu, 75 Cd+2, 150 Cd+2 and 150 Cd+2, 75 Cu +75 Cd+2 μmol/L after four weeks, respectively. A 60 and 16 kDa a soluble protein was over expressed only in sorghum under 150 Cd+2 μmol/L and in wheat under 150 Cd+2 μmol/L and 75 Cu+ + Cd+2 μmol/L. These proteins designated as cadmium stress inducible protein (CSIP) and may be appositive marker to cadmium stress tolerance in sorghum and wheat. It could be concluded that, in all three crops, the effect of different treatments were more toxic in order to Cd+2 < Cu+ + Cd+2 < Cu < control either after 2 or 4 weeks. Also, sorghum was more tolerance to heavy metal stress followed by wheat and maize; and it could help alleviate crop losses in area affected by heavy metals stress.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium alone significantly reduced growth traits of the three cereal crops.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivium L.), Maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)
Sorghum bicolor
Triticum aestivum
Zea mayst0 - Treatment
- cadmium applied alonee0
- Outcome
- growth traitse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cadmium applied alone caused significant reduction in growth traits and photosynthesis (P< 0.05 or P <0.01).”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivium L.), Maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium alone significantly reduced photosynthesis of the three cereal crops.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivium L.), Maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)Sorghum bicolorTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- cadmium applied alonee0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cadmium applied alone caused significant reduction in growth traits and photosynthesis (P< 0.05 or P <0.01).”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivium L.), Maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper alone had a less pronounced effect than cadmium alone.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivium L.), Maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)Sorghum bicolorTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- Cu applied alonee0
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- less pronouncede0
- Comparator
- Cd+2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect was less pronounced when Cu applied alone or in combination with Cd+2.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivium L.), Maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined copper and cadmium had a less pronounced effect than cadmium alone.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivium L.), Maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)Sorghum bicolorTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- in combination with Cd+2e0
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- less pronouncede0
- Comparator
- Cd+2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect was less pronounced when Cu applied alone or in combination with Cd+2.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivium L.), Maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf osmotic potential followed the same treatment trend as growth and photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivium L.), Maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)Sorghum bicolorTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Outcome
- leaf osmotic potentiale0
- Direction
- same trendse0
- Qualifier
- under the same treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The same trends were also observed with leaf osmotic potential and relative water content under the same treatments.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivium L.), Maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative water content followed the same treatment trend as growth and photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivium L.), Maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)Sorghum bicolorTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- same trendse0
- Qualifier
- under the same treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The same trends were also observed with leaf osmotic potential and relative water content under the same treatments.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivium L.), Maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 14 kDa leaf protein band disappeared in wheat under the listed metal treatments after four weeks.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- 75 Cu, 150 Cu, 75 Cd+2, 150 Cd+2 and 150 Cd+2, 75 Cu +75 Cd+2 μmol/Le0
- Outcome
- protein, profiles in leavese0
- Direction
- disappearede0
- Value
- 14 kDae0
- Qualifier
- after four weekse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stress associated protein, profiles in leaves at 14 kDa in wheat, 35 and 54 kDa in maize were disappeared, compared to others treatments, in response to 75 Cu, 150 Cu, 75 Cd+2, 150 Cd+2 and 150 Cd+2, 75 Cu +75 Cd+2 μmol/L after four weeks, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 35 and 54 kDa leaf protein bands disappeared in maize under the listed metal treatments.
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- 75 Cu, 150 Cu, 75 Cd+2, 150 Cd+2 and 150 Cd+2, 75 Cu +75 Cd+2 μmol/Le0
- Outcome
- protein, profiles in leavese0
- Direction
- disappearede0
- Value
- 35 and 54 kDae0
- Qualifier
- after four weekse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stress associated protein, profiles in leaves at 14 kDa in wheat, 35 and 54 kDa in maize were disappeared, compared to others treatments, in response to 75 Cu, 150 Cu, 75 Cd+2, 150 Cd+2 and 150 Cd+2, 75 Cu +75 Cd+2 μmol/L after four weeks, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
A 60 kDa soluble protein was overexpressed only in sorghum under 150 Cd+2 μmol/L.
- Treatment
- 150 Cd+2 μmol/Le0
- Outcome
- a soluble proteine0
- Direction
- over expressede0
- Value
- 60e0
- Qualifier
- only in sorghume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 60 and 16 kDa a soluble protein was over expressed only in sorghum under 150 Cd+2 μmol/L and in wheat under 150 Cd+2 μmol/L and 75 Cu+ + Cd+2 μmol/L.”
Claim · model-written summary
A 16 kDa soluble protein was overexpressed in wheat under the specified metal treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 150 Cd+2 μmol/L and 75 Cu+ + Cd+2 μmol/Le0
- Outcome
- a soluble proteine0
- Direction
- over expressede0
- Value
- 16 kDae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 60 and 16 kDa a soluble protein was over expressed only in sorghum under 150 Cd+2 μmol/L and in wheat under 150 Cd+2 μmol/L and 75 Cu+ + Cd+2 μmol/L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed the cadmium-inducible proteins as markers for tolerance in sorghum and wheat.
- Taxon
- sorghum and wheat
SorghumTriticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- marker to cadmium stress tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- may be appositivee0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These proteins designated as cadmium stress inducible protein (CSIP) and may be appositive marker to cadmium stress tolerance in sorghum and wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors ranked cadmium as more toxic than the combined treatment, copper and control across crops and times.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivium L.), Maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)Sorghum bicolorTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Outcome
- more toxic in order to Cd+2 < Cu+ + Cd+2 < Cu < controle0
- Qualifier
- either after 2 or 4 weekse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in all three crops, the effect of different treatments were more toxic in order to Cd+2 < Cu+ + Cd+2 < Cu < control either after 2 or 4 weeks.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivium L.), Maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum was more tolerant of heavy metal stress than wheat and maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sorghum was more tolerance to heavy metal stress followed by wheat and maize”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
84 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
92 papers more in this group
See all 96 papers →cadmium atom · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
89 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
106 papers more in this group
See all 110 papers →cadmium atom · growth · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →cadmium atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →cadmium atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
27 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
25 papers more in this group
See all 29 papers →cadmium atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.