Abstract
The weed seed bank and above-ground weed flora were studied in a maize cropping system at the University of New England in Armidale, Australia, using no-till (NT), chisel plough (CP) and mouldboard plough (MP) tillage systems, in weed-free and weedy conditions. Tillage effects on weed seedbank size were assessed by the seedling germination method in soil samples from 0-5, 5-10, 10-15 and 15-20 cm depths in a glasshouse. Above-ground weed flora was assessed as seedling emergence in the field. Tillage systems affected both the weed seed bank and seedling emergence in the field. CP and MP triggered emergence of broadleaf weeds resulting in more weeds in the top 5 cm layer under weedy conditions. Fewer weeds emerged in NT under weedy conditions and maize yield under this system was higher than in CP and MP. Under weed-free conditions, maize yields were similar across the tillage systems. Weed seed bank size at the 0-5 cm depth was largest in the NT (559 seeds m⁻²) and smallest in the CP treatment (232 seeds m⁻²) under weed-free conditions.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage systems affected both the weed seed bank and weed seedling emergence in the field in maize.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in maize (Zea mays)”
e1“Tillage systems affected both the weed seed bank and seedling emergence in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Chisel plough and mouldboard plough tillage triggered emergence of broadleaf weeds, giving more weeds in the top 5 cm layer under weedy conditions in maize.
- Treatment
- CP and MPe2
- Interactor
- broadleaf weedse2weed
- Outcome
- weeds in the top 5 cm layere2
- Direction
- moree2
- Qualifier
- under weedy conditionse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in maize (Zea mays)”
e2“CP and MP triggered emergence of broadleaf weeds resulting in more weeds in the top 5 cm layer under weedy conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till produced fewer emerging weeds under weedy conditions in maize.
- Treatment
- NTe3
- Interactor
- weedse3weed
- Outcome
- weeds emergede3
- Direction
- Fewere3
- Qualifier
- under weedy conditionse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in maize (Zea mays)”
e3“Fewer weeds emerged in NT under weedy conditions and maize yield under this system was higher than in CP and MP”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yield under no-till was higher than under chisel plough and mouldboard plough.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in maize (Zea mays)”
e3“Fewer weeds emerged in NT under weedy conditions and maize yield under this system was higher than in CP and MP”
Claim · model-written summary
Under weed-free conditions, maize yields were similar across the tillage systems.
- Treatment
- tillage systemse4
- Outcome
- maize yieldse4
- Direction
- similare4
- Qualifier
- under weed-free conditionse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in maize (Zea mays)”
e4“Under weed-free conditions, maize yields were similar across the tillage systems”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till had the largest weed seed bank at 0-5 cm depth (559 seeds m⁻²) under weed-free conditions in maize.
- Treatment
- NTe5
- Outcome
- Weed seed bank size at the 0-5 cm depthe5
- Direction
- largeste5
- Value
- 559 seeds m⁻²e5
- Qualifier
- under weed-free conditionse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in maize (Zea mays)”
e5“Weed seed bank size at the 0-5 cm depth was largest in the NT (559 seeds m⁻²) and smallest in the CP treatment (232 seeds m⁻²) under weed-free conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The chisel plough treatment had the smallest weed seed bank at 0-5 cm depth (232 seeds m⁻²) under weed-free conditions in maize.
- Treatment
- CP treatmente5
- Outcome
- Weed seed bank size at the 0-5 cm depthe5
- Direction
- smalleste5
- Value
- 232 seeds m⁻²e5
- Qualifier
- under weed-free conditionse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in maize (Zea mays)”
e5“Weed seed bank size at the 0-5 cm depth was largest in the NT (559 seeds m⁻²) and smallest in the CP treatment (232 seeds m⁻²) under weed-free conditions”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · weed · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
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811 papers in the same direction as this paper · 230 in the opposite direction · 57 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 1,099 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.