Abstract
A series of experiments were conducted to assess the effectiveness of rhizobacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane- 1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase for growth promotion of peas under drought conditions. Ten rhizobacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of different crops (peas, wheat, and maize) were screened for their growth promoting ability in peas under axenic condition. Three rhizobacterial isolates, Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (ACC-5), P. fluorescens (ACC-14), and P. putida biotype A (Q-7), were selected for pot trial on the basis of their source, ACC deaminase activity, root colonization, and growth promoting activity under axenic conditions. Inoculated and uninoculated (control) seeds of pea cultivar 2000 were sown in pots (4 seeds/pot) at different soil moisture levels (25, 50, 75, and 100% of field capacity). Results revealed that decreasing the soil moisture levels from 100 to 25% of field capacity significantly decreased the growth of peas. However, inoculation of peas with rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminase significantly decreased the "drought stress imposed effects" on growth of peas, although with variable efficacy at different moisture levels. At the lowest soil moisture level (25% field capacity), rhizobacterial isolate Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (ACC-5) was found to be more promising compared with the other isolates, as it caused maximum increases in fresh weight, dry weight, root length, shoot length, number of leaves per plant, and water use efficiency on fresh and dry weight basis (45, 150, 92, 45, 140, 46, and 147%, respectively) compared with respective uninoculated controls. It is highly likely that rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminase might have decreased the drought-stress induced ethylene in inoculated plants, which resulted in better growth of plants even at low moisture levels. Therefore, inoculation with rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminase could be helpful in eliminating the inhibitory effects of drought stress on the growth of peas.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Lower soil moisture significantly reduced pea growth.
- Taxon
- peas
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- decreasing the soil moisture levels from 100 to 25% of field capacitye0
- Outcome
- growth of pease0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 100e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreasing the soil moisture levels from 100 to 25% of field capacity significantly decreased the growth of peas”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC-deaminase rhizobacterial inoculation significantly reduced drought effects on pea growth.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- pea cultivar 2000e1
- Treatment
- inoculation of peas with rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminasee0
- Interactor
- rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminasee0symbiont
- Outcome
- "drought stress imposed effects" on growth of pease0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- uninoculated (control)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of peas with rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminase significantly decreased the "drought stress imposed effects" on growth of peas”
e1“Inoculated and uninoculated (control) seeds of pea cultivar 2000”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25% field capacity, ACC-5 increased pea fresh weight by 45% over uninoculated controls.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (ACC-5)e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (ACC-5)
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont - Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 45e0
- Comparator
- respective uninoculated controlse0
- Setting
- 25% field capacitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“At the lowest soil moisture level (25% field capacity), rhizobacterial isolate Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (ACC-5) was found to be more promising compared with the other isolates, as it caused maximum increases in fresh weight, dry weight, root length, shoot length, number of leaves per plant, and water use efficiency on fresh and dry weight basis (45, 150, 92, 45, 140, 46, and 147%, respectively) compared with respective uninoculated controls.”
t0“peas (Pisum sativum)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25% field capacity, ACC-5 increased pea dry weight by 150% over controls.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (ACC-5)e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (ACC-5)Pseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 150e0
- Comparator
- respective uninoculated controlse0
- Setting
- 25% field capacitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the lowest soil moisture level (25% field capacity), rhizobacterial isolate Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (ACC-5) was found to be more promising compared with the other isolates, as it caused maximum increases in fresh weight, dry weight, root length, shoot length, number of leaves per plant, and water use efficiency on fresh and dry weight basis (45, 150, 92, 45, 140, 46, and 147%, respectively) compared with respective uninoculated controls.”
t0“peas (Pisum sativum)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25% field capacity, ACC-5 increased pea root length by 92% over controls.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (ACC-5)e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (ACC-5)Pseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 92e0
- Comparator
- respective uninoculated controlse0
- Setting
- 25% field capacitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the lowest soil moisture level (25% field capacity), rhizobacterial isolate Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (ACC-5) was found to be more promising compared with the other isolates, as it caused maximum increases in fresh weight, dry weight, root length, shoot length, number of leaves per plant, and water use efficiency on fresh and dry weight basis (45, 150, 92, 45, 140, 46, and 147%, respectively) compared with respective uninoculated controls.”
t0“peas (Pisum sativum)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25% field capacity, ACC-5 increased pea shoot length by 45% over controls.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (ACC-5)e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (ACC-5)Pseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 45e0
- Comparator
- respective uninoculated controlse0
- Setting
- 25% field capacitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the lowest soil moisture level (25% field capacity), rhizobacterial isolate Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (ACC-5) was found to be more promising compared with the other isolates, as it caused maximum increases in fresh weight, dry weight, root length, shoot length, number of leaves per plant, and water use efficiency on fresh and dry weight basis (45, 150, 92, 45, 140, 46, and 147%, respectively) compared with respective uninoculated controls.”
t0“peas (Pisum sativum)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25% field capacity, ACC-5 increased pea leaves per plant by 140% over controls.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (ACC-5)e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (ACC-5)Pseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of leaves per plante0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 140e0
- Comparator
- respective uninoculated controlse0
- Setting
- 25% field capacitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the lowest soil moisture level (25% field capacity), rhizobacterial isolate Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (ACC-5) was found to be more promising compared with the other isolates, as it caused maximum increases in fresh weight, dry weight, root length, shoot length, number of leaves per plant, and water use efficiency on fresh and dry weight basis (45, 150, 92, 45, 140, 46, and 147%, respectively) compared with respective uninoculated controls.”
t0“peas (Pisum sativum)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25% field capacity, ACC-5 increased pea fresh-weight water use efficiency by 46% over controls.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (ACC-5)e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (ACC-5)Pseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- water use efficiency on fresh and dry weight basise0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 46e0
- Comparator
- respective uninoculated controlse0
- Setting
- 25% field capacitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the lowest soil moisture level (25% field capacity), rhizobacterial isolate Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (ACC-5) was found to be more promising compared with the other isolates, as it caused maximum increases in fresh weight, dry weight, root length, shoot length, number of leaves per plant, and water use efficiency on fresh and dry weight basis (45, 150, 92, 45, 140, 46, and 147%, respectively) compared with respective uninoculated controls.”
t0“peas (Pisum sativum)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25% field capacity, ACC-5 increased pea dry-weight water use efficiency by 147% over controls.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (ACC-5)e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (ACC-5)Pseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- water use efficiency on fresh and dry weight basise0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 147%e0
- Comparator
- respective uninoculated controlse0
- Setting
- 25% field capacitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the lowest soil moisture level (25% field capacity), rhizobacterial isolate Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (ACC-5) was found to be more promising compared with the other isolates, as it caused maximum increases in fresh weight, dry weight, root length, shoot length, number of leaves per plant, and water use efficiency on fresh and dry weight basis (45, 150, 92, 45, 140, 46, and 147%, respectively) compared with respective uninoculated controls.”
t0“peas (Pisum sativum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors hypothesize that ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria lowered drought-induced ethylene, improving pea growth.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Interactor
- rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminasee0symbiont
- Compound
- ethylenee0
- Outcome
- better growth of plantse0
- Qualifier
- drought-stress inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminase might have decreased the drought-stress induced ethylene in inoculated plants, which resulted in better growth of plants even at low moisture levels”
t0“peas (Pisum sativum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest ACC-deaminase rhizobacterial inoculation for reducing drought inhibition of pea growth.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Interactor
- rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminasee0symbiont
- Outcome
- eliminating the inhibitory effects of drought stress on the growth of pease0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation with rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminase could be helpful in eliminating the inhibitory effects of drought stress on the growth of peas”
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