Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of acidic fog (pH 2.0, 3.0, or 4.0) on the physiological, biochemical, and growth responses of two coniferous tree species (Pinus ponderosa and Abies concolor), and determined if exposure to acidic fog predisposed the tree seedlings to the phytotoxic effects of ozone (O{sub 3}). Results provide evidence that the growth and metabolic responses of two coniferous tree species could be altered by multiple applications of acidic fog, and by exposure to ambient O{sub 3}. In general, the alterations were slight to modest, which may be attributed to the low degree of stress severity, and the slow rate of tree growth. The findings indicate that exposure to acidic fog followed by O{sub 3} does not cause detectable changes in conifer seedling growth within a single-growing season. Nevertheless, it is clear that acidic fog and O{sub 3} cause temporal alterations in seedling physiology and biochemistry.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Repeated acidic fog applications altered conifer growth and metabolic responses slightly to modestly.
- Taxon
- Pinus ponderosa and Abies concolor
Pinus ponderosa
Abies concolore1 - Treatment
- multiple applications of acidic foge0
- Outcome
- growth and metabolic responsese0
- Direction
- alterede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth and metabolic responses of two coniferous tree species could be altered by multiple applications of acidic fog”
e1“Pinus ponderosa and Abies concolor”
Claim · model-written summary
Ambient ozone altered conifer growth and metabolic responses.
- Taxon
- Pinus ponderosa and Abies concolorPinus ponderosaAbies concolore1
- Treatment
- exposure to ambient O{sub 3}e0
- Outcome
- growth and metabolic responsese0
- Direction
- alterede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth and metabolic responses of two coniferous tree species could be altered by multiple applications of acidic fog, and by exposure to ambient O{sub 3}”
e1“Pinus ponderosa and Abies concolor”
Claim · model-written summary
Acidic fog followed by ozone produced no detectable conifer seedling growth change within one growing season.
- Taxon
- Pinus ponderosa and Abies concolorPinus ponderosaAbies concolore1
- Treatment
- exposure to acidic fog followed by O{sub 3}e0
- Outcome
- conifer seedling growthe0
- Direction
- does not cause detectable changese0
- Qualifier
- within a single-growing seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exposure to acidic fog followed by O{sub 3} does not cause detectable changes in conifer seedling growth within a single-growing season.”
e1“Pinus ponderosa and Abies concolor”
Claim · model-written summary
Acidic fog caused temporal changes in conifer seedling physiology and biochemistry.
- Taxon
- Pinus ponderosa and Abies concolorPinus ponderosaAbies concolore1
- Treatment
- acidic foge0
- Outcome
- seedling physiology and biochemistrye0
- Direction
- alterationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“acidic fog and O{sub 3} cause temporal alterations in seedling physiology and biochemistry.”
e1“Pinus ponderosa and Abies concolor”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone caused temporal changes in conifer seedling physiology and biochemistry.
- Taxon
- Pinus ponderosa and Abies concolorPinus ponderosaAbies concolore1
- Treatment
- O{sub 3}e0
- Outcome
- seedling physiology and biochemistrye0
- Direction
- alterationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“acidic fog and O{sub 3} cause temporal alterations in seedling physiology and biochemistry.”
e1“Pinus ponderosa and Abies concolor”