Abstract
Early and late leaf spots, caused respectively by Cercospora arachidicola and Phaeoisariopsis personata (until recently known as Cercosporidium personatum), are the most common and serious diseases of groundnut , worldwide. Singly or together they can cause losses in pod yield of over 50%; in areas where rust disease is also present a combined attack of foliar diseases can cause yield losses in excess of 70%. The text, supported by color illustrations, describes disease symptoms and explains how the two leaf spots can be differentiated. The morphology and taxonomy of each pathogen are also described, and disease cycles are outlined. An integrated approach to disease management is advocated. Cultural control measures are suggested, fungicides commonly used for control are briefly discussed, and different application methods are assessed. Biological control is considered as a future possibility, and several hyperparasites are described. The prospects for breeding resistant cultivars are discussed. As agronomic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors determine how cul tural , chemical, and biological measures can best be integrated into effective disease management systems, it is hoped that the bulletin will assist extension workers in evolving control methods well suited to local disease situations.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Early and late leaf spots are the most common and serious groundnut diseases worldwide.
- Taxon
- groundnut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Interactor
- Cercospora arachidicolaMycosphaerella arachidise0pathogen
- Outcome
- most common and serious diseasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early and late leaf spots, caused respectively by Cercospora arachidicola and Phaeoisariopsis personata (until recently known as Cercosporidium personatum), are the most common and serious diseases of groundnut , worldwide”
Claim · model-written summary
Early and late leaf spots singly or together can cause groundnut pod yield losses over 50%.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Interactor
- Cercospora arachidicolaMycosphaerella arachidise0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Phaeoisariopsis personataNothopassalora personatae0pathogen
- Outcome
- losses in pod yielde1
- Direction
- lossese1
- Value
- over 50%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early and late leaf spots, caused respectively by Cercospora arachidicola and Phaeoisariopsis personata (until recently known as Cercosporidium personatum), are the most common and serious diseases of groundnut , worldwide”
e1“Singly or together they can cause losses in pod yield of over 50%”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar diseases including rust can cause groundnut yield losses above 70%.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Outcome
- yield lossese1
- Direction
- lossese1
- Value
- in excess of 70%e1
- Qualifier
- rust disease is also presente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diseases of groundnut , worldwide”
e1“in areas where rust disease is also present a combined attack of foliar diseases can cause yield losses in excess of 70%”
Claim · model-written summary
The bulletin advocates integrated management of groundnut leaf spot disease.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Outcome
- An integrated approach to disease managemente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diseases of groundnut , worldwide”
e1“An integrated approach to disease management is advocated”