Abstract
Shorea tumbuggaia is an endemic and globally endangered, red-listed, semi-evergreen tree species, restricted to the southern Eastern Ghats in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. The flowering is ephemeral and also not an annual event. Massive blooming, drooping inflorescence with pendulous flowers, ample pollen production, gradual pollen release as a function of anther appendage, aerodynamic size of the pollen grains with reticulate exine and muri separated by lumina and strong protogyny ― all contribute to anemophily. The plant is self-compatible but there appears to be abortion of fruits from selfed-flowers. The fruits are large, winged and anemochorous. The fruits are attacked by an unidentified bruchid beetle prior to dispersal. In healthy fruits, the seed has no dormancy and it germinates as soon as it falls from the tree. The study reveals that non-annual, massive flowering, short flowering period, partial flowering at tree level, seed predation, short-distance seed dispersal, absence of seed dormancy, low rate of seedling establishment and inability of seedlings to compete with other plants collectively contributed to the occurrence of a small population of S. tumbuggaia in a restricted area of the Eastern Ghats forests and interplay of all these factors might have led to the 'endangered' status of this species.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The species is restricted to the southern Eastern Ghats.
- Taxon
- Shorea tumbuggaia
Shorea tumbuggaiae0 - Outcome
- restricted to the southern Eastern Ghatse0
- Setting
- Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadue0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shorea tumbuggaia is an endemic and globally endangered, red-listed, semi-evergreen tree species, restricted to the southern Eastern Ghats in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering is brief and not annual.
- Outcome
- flowering is ephemeral and also not an annual evente0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The flowering is ephemeral and also not an annual event”
Claim · model-written summary
Floral and pollen traits contribute to wind pollination.
- Outcome
- anemophilye0
- Qualifier
- Massive blooming, drooping inflorescence with pendulous flowers, ample pollen production, gradual pollen release as a function of anther appendage, aerodynamic size of the pollen grains with reticulate exine and muri separated by lumina and strong protogynye0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Massive blooming, drooping inflorescence with pendulous flowers, ample pollen production, gradual pollen release as a function of anther appendage, aerodynamic size of the pollen grains with reticulate exine and muri separated by lumina and strong protogyny ― all contribute to anemophily”
Claim · model-written summary
The plant is self compatible but selfed fruit appears to abort.
- Outcome
- self-compatible but there appears to be abortion of fruits from selfed-flowerse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The plant is self-compatible but there appears to be abortion of fruits from selfed-flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruits are large, winged and dispersed by wind.
- Outcome
- large, winged and anemochorouse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The fruits are large, winged and anemochorous”
Claim · model-written summary
A bruchid beetle attacks fruit before dispersal.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The fruits are attacked by an unidentified bruchid beetle prior to dispersal”
Claim · model-written summary
Healthy seeds lack dormancy and germinate immediately after falling.
- Outcome
- seed has no dormancy and it germinates as soon as it falls from the treee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“In healthy fruits, the seed has no dormancy and it germinates as soon as it falls from the tree”
Claim · model-written summary
Several reproductive and establishment constraints contribute to its small restricted population.
- Taxon
- S. tumbuggaiaShorea tumbuggaiae0
- Outcome
- small population of S. tumbuggaia in a restricted area of the Eastern Ghats forestse0
- Qualifier
- non-annual, massive flowering, short flowering period, partial flowering at tree level, seed predation, short-distance seed dispersal, absence of seed dormancy, low rate of seedling establishment and inability of seedlings to compete with other plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“non-annual, massive flowering, short flowering period, partial flowering at tree level, seed predation, short-distance seed dispersal, absence of seed dormancy, low rate of seedling establishment and inability of seedlings to compete with other plants collectively contributed to the occurrence of a small population of S. tumbuggaia in a restricted area of the Eastern Ghats forests”